From the Choosing Wisely campaign

Advice for Caregivers: Treatments and Tests for Seniors

Some tests and treatments won’t help older adults. They may even be harmful, especially near the end of life.
• Plain English: Advice for Caregivers: Treatments and Tests for Seniors
• Spanish: Consejos para los cuidadores

Allergy Tests (AAAAI)

If you don’t have symptoms or a medical evaluation that points to allergy, think twice about skin or blood tests.
• Plain English: Allergy Tests
• Spanish: Pruebas para Alergias

Alzheimer’s Disease Testing (SNMMI)

If you're having memory problems, your doctor should look for other causes before ordering a brain scan.
• Plain English: Alzheimer’s Disease Testing (SNMMI)
• Spanish: Pruebas para la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Antibiotic Treatment in the Hospital (SHEA)

The CDC is urging hospitals to cut back on the use of antibiotics when they are not needed. Here's what you should know.
• Plain English: Antibiotic Treatment in the Hospital (SHEA)
• Spanish: Tratamiento antibiótico en el hospital

Antibiotics for Ear Infections in Children (AAFP)

In most cases of middle ear infection, antibiotics are not needed. Here's what to do instead.
• Plain English: Antibiotics for Ear Infections in Children (AAFP)
• Spanish: Antibióticos para infecciones del oído en niños

Antibiotics for People With Catheters (AUA)

Almost all people who have catheters have some bacteria in their urine. But that doesn’t mean they all need antibiotics.
• Plain English: Antibiotics for People With Catheters (AUA)
• Spanish: Antibióticos para personas con sondas

Antibiotics for Pink Eye (AAO)

Antibiotic eye drops or ointments don’t usually help with conjunctivitis. In fact, they can do more harm than good.
• Plain English: Antibiotics for Pink Eye (AAO)
• Spanish: Antibióticos para la conjuntivitis

Antibiotics for Respiratory Illness in Adults (IDSA)

Antibiotics don’t help most respiratory infections. Here’s when you need antibiotics, and when you don't.
• Plain English: Antibiotics for Respiratory Illness in Adults
• Lower Literacy: Can Antibiotics Help You Feel Better?
• Spanish: Resfriados, influenza y otras enfermedades respiratorias en adultos
• Lower Literacy Spanish: ¿Pueden los antibióticos ayudarte a sentirte mejor?

Antibiotics for Respiratory Illness in Children (AAP)

Most of the time, children don't need antibiotics for sore throat, cough or runny nose.
• Plain English: Antibiotics for Respiratory Illness in Children (AAP)
• Spanish: Antibióticos para garganta irritada, tos o nariz tapada

Antibiotics for Urinary Tract Infections in Older People (AGS)

Many older people get antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections when they don't need it.
• Plain English: Antibiotics for Urinary Tract Infections in Older People (AGS)
• Spanish: Antibióticos para las infecciones de las vías urinarias en personas mayores

Antibiotics for Your Skin (AAD)

Some skin problems don’t stem from infections at all. So treating them with antibiotics can do more harm than good.
• Plain English: Antibiotics For Your Skin
• Plain English: Antibiotics For Your Skin (for printer)
• Spanish: Antibióticos para la piel
• Spanish: Antibióticos para la piel (for printer)

Antibiotics: When You Need Them and When You Don’t

When and how to use antibiotics to help you and your loved ones avoid drug resistance.
• Plain English: Antibiotics: When You Need Them and When You Don't
• Spanish: Antibióticos: Cuándo se necesitan y cuándo no

Antibiotics: Will They Help You or Hurt You?

Do you really need antibiotics? They can help you. But they also can harm you.
• Plain English: Antibiotics: Will They Help You or Hurt You?
• Plain English: Antibiotics: Will They Help You or Hurt You? (For offset printing)
• Spanish: Antibióticos: ¿Te ayudarán o te harán daño?
• Spanish: Antibióticos: ¿Te ayudarán o te harán daño? (For offset printing)

Antipsychotic Drugs for People with Dementia (AGS)

Powerful antipsychotic drugs should not be the first choice for people with dementia. Here's why.
• Plain English: Treating disruptive behavior in people with dementia
• Spanish: Tratamiento del comportamiento problemático en personas con demencia

Artery and Vein Problems (SVS)

Vascular surgeons have listed four overused operations that are intended to treat vein and artery problems. If your doctor orders one of these, you should ask why.
• Plain English: Artery and Vein Problems
• Spanish: Problemas de las arterias y las venas

Ask Your Doctor: Do I Need This Cancer Test or Treatment? (ASCO)

You may not need some common forms of imaging, screening tests, monitoring and drug therapy for cancer.
• Plain English: Ask Your Doctor: Do I Need This Cancer Test or Treatment? (ASCO)
• Spanish: Pregúntele a su médico: ¿Necesito esta prueba o tratamiento para el cáncer?

Avoid Opioids for Most Long-Term Pain

In this guide you can read what the experts say about using opioids.
• Plain English: Avoid Opioids for Most Long-Term Pain
• Plain English: Avoid Opioids for Most Long-Term Pain (for printer)
• Lower Literacy: Avoid Opioids for Most Long-Term Pain
• Spanish: Evite los opioides contra casi todos los dolores de larga duración
• Spanish: Evite los opioides contra casi todos los dolores de larga duración (for printer)

Back Pain Tests and Treatments (AAPM&R)

Some tests and treatments for back pain may not be right for you. That's why it is important to talk to your doctor.
• Plain English: Back Pain Tests and Treatments (AAPM&R;)
• Spanish: Pruebas y tratamientos para el dolor de espalda

Bed Rest for Lower-Back Pain (NASS)

Studies show that staying in bed longer than 48 hours won’t help with lower-back pain.
• Plain English: Bed Rest for Lower-Back Pain (NASS)
• Spanish: Tratamiento del dolor en la parte baja de la espalda

Blood Tests for Miscarriage Risk (SMFM)

Blood tests for thrombophilia often are not needed, even if you have had a pregnancy problem.
• Plain English: Blood Tests for Miscarriage Risk (SMFM)
• Spanish: Pruebas de sangre para mostrar el riesgo de un aborto espontáneo

Blood Tests in the Hospital (SHM)

In the hospital, if your blood test results stay the same after a day or two, you may not need them again.
• Plain English: Blood Tests in the Hospital (SHM)
• Spanish: Pruebas de sangre cuando usted está en el hospital

Blood Transfusions for Anemia in the Hospital (ASH)

Anemia is usually not urgent. Usually you don’t need a lot of blood. Or you may not need any blood at all.
• Plain English: Blood Transfusions for Anemia in the Hospital (ASH)
• Spanish: Transfusiones de sangre para la anemia en el hospital

Bone-Density Tests (AAFP)

If you’re not at higher risk for weak bones, you should think twice about the bone-density test. Here’s why.
• Plain English: Bone-Density Tests
• Lower Literacy: Bone-Density Tests
• Spanish: Pruebas de Densidad de los Huesos
• Lower Literacy Spanish: Realízate una densitometría ósea, pero solo si la necesitas

Brain Scans for Head Injuries (AMSSM)

Brain scans are usually not helpful for a concussion.
• Plain English: Brain Scans for Head Injuries
• Spanish: Las tomografías del cerebro para las lesiones de la cabeza

Breast Biopsy (CoC)

In contrast with surgical or "open" biopsy, a needle biopsy is easier on the body.
• Plain English: Breast Biopsy
• Spanish: Biopsia del seno

Cancer Tests and Treatments (ASCO)

Some tests, treatments, and procedures are not only unnecessary, they can even prove harmful.
• English: Cancer Tests and Treatments (ASCO)

Cardiac Imaging Stress Tests (ASNC)

In some cases, especially in healthy people without chest pain, you should be cautious about the tests.
• Plain English: Cardiac Imaging Stress Tests
• Spanish: Pruebas de esfuerzo con imágenes

Care at the End of Life for Advanced Cancer Patients (ASCO)

Although it is hard to accept, the best thing for you may be to stop treatment for the cancer.
• Plain English: Care at the End of Life for Advanced Cancer Patients (ASCO)
• Spanish: Cuidados al fin de la vida para pacientes con cáncer avanzado

Carotid Artery Surgery (AAN)

Having some blockage in a carotid artery doesn't automatically mean you should have artery-clearing surgery.
• Plain English: Carotid Artery Surgery
• Spanish: Cirugía de la arteria carótida

Cervical Cancer Screening (ASCCP)

Young women with an abnormal Pap test don’t always need to be treated right away.
• Plain English: Cervical Cancer Screening
• Spanish: Prueba de detección de cáncer cervical

Chest X-rays Before Surgery (ACR)

If you don’t have signs or symptoms of heart or lung disease, think twice about having a pre-operative X-ray.
• Plain English: Chest X-rays Before Surgery
• Spanish: Radiografía del tórax antes de una cirugía
• Video: Do You Need a Chest X-ray Before Surgery?

Chiropractic Spinal Care for Lower-Back Pain (ACA)

Most people with lower-back pain won’t need these: imaging tests; regular use of lumbar supports; or passive physical therapies.
• Plain English: Chiropractic Spinal Care for Lower-Back Pain
• Spanish: Atención quiropráctica de la columna vertebral para dolor en la zona lumbar

Cholesterol Drugs for People Over 75 (AMDA)

If you are age 75 or older and you haven’t had symptoms of heart disease, statins may be a bad idea.
• Plain English: Cholesterol Drugs for People Over 75 (AMDA)
• Spanish: Medicamentos para el colesterol para personas mayores de 75 años

Choosing Wisely: Antibiotics (Video)

Antibiotics can help with some infections, but they're not right for every situation.
• Video: Choosing Wisely: Antibiotics
• Video: Choosing Wisely: Antibiotics (subtitled)
• Video: Cómo Elegir Sabiamente: Antibióticos
• Video: Cómo Elegir Sabiamente: Antibióticos (subtitled)

Clogged Neck Arteries (AAFP)

Do you need a screening test for clogged neck arteries?
• Plain English: Clogged Neck Arteries (AAFP)
• Spanish: Arterias del cuello obstruidas

CMR Tests for Chest Pain and Cardiac Screening (SCMR)

CMR is an imaging test for heart disease. But it may not be the best test for you.
• Plain English: CMR Tests for Chest Pain and Cardiac Screening (SCMR)
• Spanish: Pruebas de CMR para el dolor de pecho y examen cardíaco

Colonoscopy (AGA)

Even a very good test can be done too often.
• Plain English: Colonoscopy
• Spanish: Colonoscopía

CT Scans for Children With Head Injuries (AAP)

For children with head injuries, a CT scan often is not needed.
• Plain English: CT Scans for Children With Head Injuries (AAP)
• Spanish: Tomografías (CT scans) para niños con lesiones en la cabeza

CT Scans in the Emergency Department (ACEP)

They may not be needed as often as you think.
• Plain English: CT Scans in the Emergency Department
• Plain English: CT Scans in the Emergency Department (for printer)
• Spanish: CT scans en el departamento de emergencias
• Spanish: CT scans en el departamento de emergencias (for printer)

CT Scans to Find Lung Cancer in Smokers (CHEST/ATS)

The CT scan, used to look for early signs of lung cancer, is not useful for many smokers.
• Plain English: CT Scans to Find Lung Cancer in Smokers (CHEST/ATS)
• Spanish: Tomografías (CT scans) para detectar cáncer de pulmón en fumadores

Dental Fillings That Contain Mercury (ACMT, AACT)

It's not necessary to replace fillings that contain mercury.
• Plain English: Dental Fillings That Contain Mercury
• Spanish: Empastes dentales que contienen mercurio

Diabetes Tests and Treatments

If you have diabetes, when do you need to test your own glucose levels, and when do you need to take medication?
• Plain English: Diabetes Tests and Treatments
• Plain English: Diabetes Tests and Treatments (for printer)
• Spanish: Pruebas y tratamientos para la diabetes
• Spanish: Pruebas y tratamientos para la diabetes (for printer)

Dietary Supplements to Prevent Heart Disease or Cancer (ACPM)

Research shows that most people don't benefit from taking supplements to prevent heart disease or cancer.
• Plain English: Dietary Supplements to Prevent Heart Disease or Cancer (ACPM)
• Spanish: Suplementos dietéticos para prevenir la enfermedad cardíaca o el cáncer

Do You Need a CT Scan for a Head Injury? (ACEP)

A health history and physical exam can help the doctor decide if you need a Computerized Tomography (CT) scan.
• Plain English: Do You Need a CT Scan for a Head Injury?
• Plain English: Do You Need a CT Scan for a Head Injury? (for printer)
• Spanish: ¿Necesita una tomografía computarizada (CT scan) por una lesión en la cabeza?
• Spanish: ¿Necesita una tomografía computarizada (CT scan) por una lesión en la cabeza? (for printer)

Drugs for Migraine Headaches (AAN)

Think twice about treating migraine attacks with opioids or butalbital.
• Plain English: Drugs for Migraine Headaches
• Spanish: Tratamiento de migrañas

Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis (ACR)

The older, "non-biologic" drugs are a better first choice for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
• Plain English: Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Spanish: Cómo tratar la artritis reumatoide

Drugs to Prevent Infection During Chemotherapy (ASCO)

When do you need CSFs? When don't you need them?
• Plain English: Drugs to Prevent Infection During Chemotherapy (ASCO)
• Spanish: Medicamentos para aumentar los glóbulos blancos en pacientes con cáncer que reciben quimioterapia

Early Delivery (ACOG, AAFP)

To hurry a baby’s birth can increase the risk of serious problems for both you and your baby.
• Plain English: Early Delivery (ACOG, AAFP)
• Spanish: Al dar a luz a su bebé

Echocardiogram Before Surgery (ASE)

If you’re having surgery, you may wonder if you need an echocardiogram first.
• Plain English: Echocardiogram Before Surgery (ASE)
• Spanish: Un ecocardiograma antes de una cirugía

Echocardiography After Valve Surgery (STS)

Sometimes the echocardiogram imaging test is done very soon after heart valve surgery, while you are still in the hospital. Usually that's not useful.
• Plain English: Echocardiography After Valve Surgery (STS)
• Spanish: Un ecocardiograma después de una cirugía para reemplazar una válvula cardíaca

Echocardiography for Heart Valve Disease (ACC)

When do you need an echocardiogram?
• Plain English: Echocardiography for Heart Valve Disease
• Spanish: Ecocardiografía para valvulopatías cardíacas

EKGs and Exercise Stress Tests (AAFP)

EKGs or exercise stress tests usually aren't necessary for people without symptoms.
• Plain English: EKGs and Exercise Stress Tests
• Spanish: Los electrocardiogramas (ECG) (EKG) y las pruebas de esfuerzo durante el ejercicio

Feeding Tubes for People With Alzheimer’s (AGS, AAHPM)

Feeding tubes sometimes do more harm than good. Here’s why.
• Plain English: Feeding Tubes for People With Alzheimer’s (AGS, AAHPM)
• Spanish: Sondas de Alimentación para las personas con Alzheimer

Five Physical Therapy Treatments You Probably Don’t Need (APTA)

Five common physical therapy treatments can lead to harm, more tests, and greater costs.
• Plain English: Five Physical Therapy Treatments You Probably Don’t Need (APTA)
• Spanish: Terapia Física

Getting the Right Care to Keep Your Children Healthy

Parents have more choices than ever about medical tests and treatments for their kids. But which ones are right for your child—and which ones might do more harm than good?
• Plain English: Getting the Right Care to Keep Your Children Healthy
• Plain English: Getting the Right Care to Keep Your Children Healthy (for printer)
• Spanish: Cómo recibir la atención adecuada para que sus hijos se mantengan sanos
• Spanish: Cómo recibir la atención adecuada para que sus hijos se mantengan sanos (for printer)

Getting the Right Care to Stay Healthy as You Age

Here’s a quick guide to some of the most common tests and treatments for older adults. It’s based on advice from medical experts and Consumer Reports.
• Plain English: Getting the Right Care to Stay Healthy as You Age
• Plain English: Getting the Right Care to Stay Healthy as You Age (for printer)
• Spanish: Cómo tener los cuidados adecuados para mantenerse saludable conforme envejece
• Spanish: Cómo tener los cuidados adecuados para mantenerse saludable conforme envejece (for printer)

Health Checkups (SGIM)

You probably don't need that yearly checkup. In fact, it can do more harm than good.
• Plain English: Health Checkups (SGIM)
• Spanish: Exámenes médicos

Heart Imaging Before Surgery (ACC)

If you’re having surgery, you may wonder if you need a heart imaging test first to make sure it is safe.
• Plain English: Heart Imaging Before Surgery
• Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes del corazón antes de una cirugía

Heart Imaging Tests Before Surgery (ASNC)

If you don't have heart problems, you probably don't need a heart test before an operation.
• Plain English: Heart Imaging Tests Before Surgery
• Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes del corazón antes de una cirugía

Heart Stress Tests Before Chest Surgery (STS)

Stress tests usually aren’t helpful if you don’t have heart problems.
• Plain English: Heart Stress Tests Before Chest Surgery (STS)
• Spanish: Pruebas de esfuerzo del corazón antes de una cirugía de tórax

HIV: When You Need CD4 Tests (HIVMA)

If your treatment for HIV is working well, you usually need the CD4 count less often, if at all. Here’s why.
• Plain English: HIV: When You Need CD4 Tests
• Spanish: Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV)

Home Apnea Monitors for SIDs (AAP)

Home apnea monitors give little or no protection from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
• Plain English: Home apnea monitors for SIDs (AAP)
• Spanish: Monitores caseros para la apnea para el SIDS

Home Oxygen After a Hospital Stay (CHEST/ATS)

Many people who use long-term home oxygen therapy don’t need it.
• Plain English: Home Oxygen After a Hospital Stay (CHEST/ATS)
• Spanish: Oxígeno en casa después de una estadía en el hospital

Hospital Hazards (AAN)

The American Academy of Nursing has identified four hospital practices that are usually unnecessary and may harm you.
• Plain English: Hospital Hazards (AAN)
• Spanish: Peligros en el hospital

Imaging and Blood Tests in Early Breast Cancer (ASCO)

When do cancer experts recommend imaging tests and tumor marker tests?
• Plain English: Imaging and Blood Tests in Early Breast Cancer (ASCO)
• Spanish: Pruebas de marcadores tumorales y de imágenes para el cáncer de seno

Imaging for Hearing Problems (AAO-HNSF)

For tinnitus or sudden hearing loss, imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs can be unnecessary, costly, or even harmful.
• Plain English: Imaging for Hearing Problems
• Spanish: Problemas auditivos

Imaging Tests After a Heart Procedure (ACC)

If you’ve had bypass surgery or a stent inserted to open a blocked artery, do you need regular imaging tests?
• Plain English: Imaging Tests After a Heart Procedure (ACC)
• Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes después de un procedimiento cardíaco

Imaging Tests for Back Pain (AAFP)

It seems like getting an X-ray, CT scan or MRI to find the cause would be a good idea.
• Plain English: Imaging Tests for Back Pain
• Lower Literacy: Imaging Tests for Back Pain
• Spanish: Pruebas radiológicas debido a dolor en la parte baja de la espalda
• Lower Literacy Spanish: ¿Tienes dolor en la espalda baja?

Imaging Tests for Colorectal Cancer (SSO)

Imaging tests for colorectal cancer use radiation, may be costly, and may not change how you are treated. Your doctor should only order tests if they are needed.
• Plain English: Imaging Tests for Colorectal Cancer
• Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes para el cáncer colorrectal

Imaging Tests for Early Prostate Cancer (ASCO)

It's not always a good idea to get all the tests that are available. You may not need them.
• Plain English: Imaging Tests for Early Prostate Cancer (ASCO)
• Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes para el cáncer de próstata en su etapa temprana

Imaging Tests for Headaches (ACR)

Many with severe headaches want a CT scan or MRI to see if they have a tumor or other serious problem.
• Plain English: Imaging Tests for Headaches (ACR)
• Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes para dolores de cabeza

Imaging Tests for Heart Disease (ACC)

If you are a healthy person without symptoms, you should think twice about having these tests.
• Plain English: Imaging Tests for Heart Disease
• Spanish: Pruebas de Imágenes para la enfermedad cardíaca

Imaging Tests for Lower-Back Pain (NASS)

You may think you need an X-ray, MRI or CT scan to find out what is causing your back pain. But these imaging tests usually don’t help.
• Plain English: Imaging Tests for Lower-Back Pain
• Spanish: Pruebas radiológicas debido a dolor en la parte baja de la espalda

Imaging Tests for Melanoma (SSO)

Imaging tests usually don’t help if you have early-stage skin cancer. Here’s why.
• Plain English: Imaging Tests for Melanoma
• Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes para el melanoma

Imaging Tests for Ovarian Cysts (ACR)

Repetitive ultrasound exams may not be necessary.
• Plain English: Imaging Tests for Ovarian Cysts
• Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes para quistes ováricos

Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (AAAAI)

Some people receive the treatment even though they don’t need it.
• Plain English: Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy
• Spanish: Terapia de reemplazo de IgG

Implanted Heart Devices at the End of Life (AAHPM)

An ICD helps the heart beat normally. But if you are near death, those shocks can make things worse.
• Plain English: Implanted Heart Devices at the End of Life (AAHPM)
• Spanish: Dispositivos cardíacos implantados al final de la vida

Kidney Disease (ASN)

Here are four important tests and treatments you should carefully discuss with your family and doctor
• Plain English: Kidney Disease (ASN)
• Spanish: Enfermedad Renal Crónica

Lab Tests Before Surgery (ASCP)

Most healthy people don't need blood or urine tests done before surgery, especially low-risk surgery. Here's why.
• Plain English: Lab Tests Before Surgery (ASCP)
• Spanish: Pruebas de laboratorio antes de una cirugía

Lyme Disease Tests (ACR)

There are two blood tests for Lyme disease, but usually you don't need them. Here's why.
• Plain English: Lyme Disease Tests (ACR)
• Spanish: Pruebas para la Enfermedad de Lyme

Making Smart Decisions About Genetic Testing (ACMG)

Sometimes a genetic test is not the best way to find an inherited condition or disease risk.
• Plain English: Making Smart Decisions About Genetic Testing (ACMG)
• Spanish: Cómo tomar decisiones inteligentes sobre las pruebas genéticas

Managing Side Effects of Cancer and its Treatments (AAN)

Some methods used to manage symptoms and side effects do not work. And some proven methods are often overlooked.
• Plain English: Managing Side Effects of Cancer and its Treatments
• Spanish: Cómo controlar los efectos secundarios del cáncer y sus tratamientos

Medical Tests Before Eye Surgery (AAO)

Most people don't need to have their blood tested or their heart checked before they have eye surgery. Here's why.
• Plain English: Medical Tests Before Eye Surgery
• Lower Literacy: Medical Tests Before Eye Surgery
• Spanish: Pruebas médicas antes de una cirugía de ojo
• Lower Literacy Spanish: Hazte exámenes médicos antes de una cirugía de ojos, pero solo si lo necesitas

Medical Tests Before Surgery

Often, pre-operative tests are not necessary. It is not a good idea to get them just because you’re having surgery.
• Plain English: Medical Tests Before Surgery - When You Need Them, and When You Don't
• Spanish: Pruebas médicas antes de una cirugía

Medicines to Relieve Chronic Pain (ASA)

Opioids (narcotics) usually are not the best way to treat long-term pain like arthritis, back pain or headaches.
• Plain English: Medicines to Relieve Chronic Pain (ASA)
• Spanish: Medicinas para aliviar el dolor crónico

Medicines to Treat Cancer (ASCO)

Drugs used to treat cancer can also cause harm, and some are very expensive. Here's what to discuss with your doctor.
• Plain English: Medicines to Treat Cancer (ASCO)
• Spanish: Medicinas para tratar el cáncer

Monitoring Your Baby’s Heartbeat During Labor (AAN)

During labor and birth, the type of fetal heart rate monitoring called IA, for intermittent auscultation, is often the better choice.
• Plain English: Monitoring Your Baby's Heartbeat During Labor (AAN)
• Spanish: Monitoreo del latido cardíaco del bebé durante el trabajo de parto

Neck and Back Pain: When You Need Tests (AANEM)

If the symptoms are severe or continue for a while, you may need an electrodiagnostic test.
• Plain English: Neck and Back Pain: When You Need Tests (AANEM)
• Spanish: Dolor de cuello y espalda

Oral Antibiotics for Ear Infections (AAO-HNSF)

Sometimes antibiotic eardrops are safer and more effective than oral antibiotics.
• Plain English: Oral Antibiotics for Ear Infections (AAO-HNSF)
• Spanish: Antibióticos orales para las infecciones del oído

Overactive Bladder and Pelvic Organ Prolapse (AUGS)

Here's what women should know about tests and treatments for these conditions.
• Plain English: Overactive Bladder and Pelvic Organ Prolapse
• Spanish: Vejiga hiperactiva y prolapso de órganos pélvicos

Painkiller Choices With Kidney or Heart Problems (ASN)

If you suffer from high blood pressure, heart failure, or kidney disease, steer clear of some pain relievers.
• Plain English: Painkiller Choices With Kidney or Heart Problems (ASN)
• Spanish: Medicinas para el dolor

Palliative Care (AAHPM)

With palliative care, you can get physical, emotional, and spiritual support at any stage of a serious illness.
• Plain English: Palliative Care (AAHPM)
• Spanish: Cuidados Paliativos

Pap Tests (AAFP)

Many teenage girls and some women have the test when they don’t need it. Here’s why.
• Plain English: Pap Tests
• Lower Literacy: Pap Tests
• Spanish: Pruebas de Papanicolaou
• Lower Literacy Spanish: Hazte una prueba de Papanicolau, pero solo cuando la necesites

Pelvic Exams and Pap Tests Before Contraceptives (AAFP)

You usually don’t need a Pap test and pelvic exam before getting birth control pills.
• Plain English: Pelvic Exams and Pap Tests Before Contraceptives (AAFP)
• Spanish: Exámenes pélvicos, exámenes de Papanicolau y anticonceptivos orales

PET Scans After Cancer Treatment (ASCO)

If you've been treated for cancer, you may not need PET scans to check for a return of the cancer.

• Plain English: PET Scans After Cancer Treatment (ASCO)
• Spanish: Tomografías (PET scans) después del tratamiento contra el cáncer

Preventing Infections in the Hospital (SHM)

Watch out for two overused hospital medical practices, urinary catheters and ulcer drugs.
• Plain English: Preventing Infections in the Hospital
• Spanish: Cómo prevenir las infecciones en el hospital

Preventing Seizures After an Ischemic Stroke (AANS, CNS)

Anti-seizure medicine is not usually necessary after an ischemic stroke.
• Plain English: Preventing Seizures After an Ischemic Stroke (AANS, CNS)
• Spanish: Prevención de convulsiones después de un ataque cerebral isquémico

PSA Test for Prostate Cancer (AAFP)

The PSA screening test is widely used, but often is not needed.
• Plain English: PSA Test for Prostate Cancer (AAFP)
• Spanish: La prueba de sangre PSA para detectar cáncer de próstata

PSA Tests for Prostate Cancer (AUA)

The PSA test is the only available screening test for prostate cancer, but it can have serious risks.
• Plain English: PSA Tests for Prostate Cancer (AUA)
• Spanish: Las pruebas de sangre del antígeno prostático específico o PSA para el cáncer de próstata

Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Radiation for Cancer (ASTRO)

Radiation therapy can help treat cancer and the painful symptoms from tumors. But it's not always needed.
• Plain English: Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Radiation for Cancer (ASTRO)
• Spanish: Preguntas sobre la radiación para el cáncer

Radiation Therapy for Breast and Gynecologic Cancers (ASTRO)

When it comes to radiation therapy, sometimes less is more. Use this advice to start a conversation with your doctor about the benefits and risks.
• Plain English: Radiation Therapy for Breast and Gynecologic Cancers (ASTRO)
• Spanish: La radioterapia para los cánceres ginecológicos y de seno

Radiation Therapy for Cancer (ASTRO)

Here is advice for talking with your doctor about whether to use radiation as part of cancer treatment.
• Plain English: Radiation Therapy for Cancer (ASTRO)
• Spanish: La radioterapia para el cáncer

Screening Tests for Brain Aneurysms (AANS)

Screening healthy people for weak areas in the brain's blood vessels can do more harm than good.
• Plain English: Screening Tests for Brain Aneurysms
• Spanish: Pruebas de detección para aneurismas cerebrales

Screening Tests for Ovarian Cancer (SGO)

Ultrasound and the CA-125 blood test are not useful for screening low-risk women for ovarian cancer.
• Plain English: Screening Tests for Ovarian Cancer (SGO)
• Spanish: Exámenes de detección para el cáncer de ovario

Screening Tests: When You Need Them, When You Don’t

It’s important to know which tests you need, and how often you need them.
• Plain English: Screening Tests: When You Need Them, When You Don't
• Spanish: Pruebas de detección

Sentinel Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer (CoC, NAPBC)

If you have breast cancer, there is a newer, simpler surgery to check your lymph nodes.
• Plain English: Sentinel Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer (CoC, NAPBC)
• Spanish: Tratamiento para el cáncer de seno

Sleeping Pills for Children With Insomnia (AASM)

Sleep drugs aren’t made for children. There are no prescription drugs approved in the U.S. to treat childhood insomnia.
• Plain English: Sleeping Pills for Children With Insomnia (AASM)
• Spanish: Evite dar somníferos a los niños con insomnio

Sleeping Pills for Insomnia (AASM)

Sleeping pills are often not the best option for insomnia. Here's what you need to know.
• Plain English: Sleeping Pills for Insomnia (AASM)
• Spanish: Las pastillas para dormir para el insomnio

Sleeping Pills for Insomnia and Anxiety in Older People (AGS)

Older adults usually should try other non-drug treatments first, for insomnia and anxiety.
• Plain English: Sleeping Pills for Insomnia and Anxiety in Older People
• Lower Literacy: Sleeping Pills for Insomnia and Anxiety in Older People
• Spanish: Insomnio y ansiedad en personas mayores
• Lower Literacy Spanish: Las píldoras para dormir podrían tener riesgos para los adultos mayores

Spirometry for Asthma (AAAAI)

Many people who need the test don’t receive it.
• Plain English: Spirometry for Asthma
• Spanish: Espirometría para el asma

Stable Heart Disease (SCAI)

You may not need an angiogram if your heart disease is stable. Here's why.
• Plain English: Stable Heart Disease (SCAI)
• Spanish: Enfermedad cardíaca estable

Stress Tests After a Stent Procedure (SCAI)

Stress tests usually aren’t helpful after a stent procedure, unless you have symptoms of heart disease.
• Plain English: Stress Tests After a Stent Procedure (SCAI)
• Spanish: Pruebas de esfuerzo después de un procedimiento de endoprótesis o colocación de stent

Stress Tests Before Surgery (SVM)

If you’re having surgery, you will probably not need a heart stress test beforehand if you are healthy, active, and feeling well, or if you’re having minor surgery.
• Plain English: Stress Tests Before Surgery
• Lower Literacy: Stress Tests Before Surgery
• Spanish: Pruebas de esfuerzo del corazón antes de una cirugía
• Lower Literacy Spanish: Hazte una prueba de esfuerzo cardíaco antes de una cirugía, pero solo si la necesitas

Stress Tests for Chest Pain (ASNC)

If you’re at low risk for having a heart problem, even if you have symptoms, you usually don’t need this imaging test.
• Plain English: Stress Tests for Chest Pain
• Spanish: Pruebas de esfuerzo para el dolor de pecho

Supplements for Osteoarthritis (AAOS)

The popular supplements glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate do not help relieve arthritic knees.
• Plain English: Supplements for Osteoarthritis (AAOS)
• Spanish: El tratamiento de la osteoartritis de la rodilla

Taking Medicines Safely (ASHP)

It is more precise to measure medicines in milliliters, instead of using a kitchen spoon.
• Plain English: Taking Medicines Safely
• Spanish: Cómo tomar medicinas de forma segura

Testing After Heart Procedures (ASNC)

Unless you're experiencing symptoms, this test usually isn't helpful in the first few years after heart bypass surgery or a stent procedure.
• Plain English: Testing after heart procedures
• Spanish: Pruebas después de procedimientos cardíacos

Testosterone for Erection Problems (AUA)

Unless you have other symptoms of low testosterone, you should think twice about the treatment. Here's why.
• Plain English: Testosterone for Erection Problems (AUA)
• Spanish: Tratamiento para los problemas de erección

Tests and Treatments Employees May Not Need (ACOEM)

Employers should consider these guidelines when sending workers or job candidates to the doctor.
• Plain English: Tests and Treatments Employees May Not Need (ACOEM)
• Spanish: Pruebas y tratamientos que posiblemente sus empleados no necesiten

Tests and Treatments for Prostate Cancer

It can be hard to know which tests and treatments to get for prostate cancer. This report pulls together the latest advice from experts.
• Plain English: Tests and Treatments for Prostate Cancer
• Plain English: Tests and Treatments for Prostate Cancer (for printer)
• Plain English: Tests and Treatments for Prostate Cancer (for printer)
• Spanish: Exámenes y tratamientos para el cáncer de próstata
• Spanish: Exámenes y tratamientos para el cáncer de próstata )for printer)

Tests and Treatments for Women with Breast Cancer (ASBS)

If your doctor recommends one of these five procedures, ask if it’s really necessary. And ask about the risks and costs.
• Plain English: Tests and Treatments for Women with Breast Cancer
• Spanish: Pruebas y tratamientos para mujeres con cáncer de seno

Tests Before Heart Surgery (STS)

Before heart surgery, you probably don't need a breathing test or carotid ultrasound test, unless you have breathing problems or symptoms.
• Plain English: Tests Before Heart Surgery (STS)
• Spanish: Pruebas antes de una cirugía del corazón

Treating Acute Blood Clots (ASH)

If you have a deep blood clot, you probably don't need a device called an IVC filter. They don't work better than blood-thinning drugs.
• Plain English: Treating Acute Blood Clots (ASH)
• Spanish: Tratamiento de coágulos sanguíneos agudos

Treating Blocked Leg Arteries (SVM)

Most people with Peripheral Artery Disease won't benefit from surgery or angioplasty.
• Plain English: Treating Blocked Leg Arteries (SVM)
• Spanish: Tratamiento de arterias obstruidas en las piernas

Treating Heartburn and GERD (AGA)

In most cases of heartburn a PPI isn't necessary.
• Plain English: Treating Heartburn and GERD
• Spanish: Cómo tratar las agruras y la enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico

Treating Low-Risk Prostate Cancer (ASTRO)

If you have prostate cancer, but it poses a low risk to you, consider "watchful waiting."
• Plain English: Treating Low-Risk Prostate Cancer (ASTRO)
• Spanish: Cáncer de próstata de bajo riesgo

Treating Plantar Fasciitis (AOFAS)

Some doctors recommend surgery. But that can lead to complications, and it doesn’t always work.
• Plain English: Treating Plantar Fasciitis (AOFAS)
• Spanish: Tratamiento de la Fascitis Plantar

Treating Sinusitis (AAAAI)

Millions of people are prescribed antibiotics each year for sinusitis.
• Plain English: Treating Sinusitis
• Spanish: Cómo tratar la sinusitis
• Video: Para tratar la sinusitis
• Video: Treating sinusitis

Treating Sinusitis (AAFP)

Millions of people are prescribed antibiotics each year for sinusitis.
• Plain English: Treating Sinus Problems
• Spanish: Cómo tratar la sinusitis
• Video: Treating Sinusitis
• Video: Para tratar la sinusitis

Treating Sleep Problems (APA)

If you have insomnia, antipsychotic drugs should not be the first choice of treatment.
• Plain English: Treating Sleep Problems (APA)
• Spanish: Tratamiento de problemas del sueño

Treatments and Tests Your Baby May Not Need in the Hospital (AAP)

Here are some common tests and treatments a premature baby may not need.
• Plain English: Treatments and Tests Your Baby May Not Need in the Hospital (AAP)
• Spanish: Tratamientos y pruebas que probablemente su bebé no necesite en el hospital

Unnecessary Treatments in the Emergency Room (ACEP)

Three procedures commonly used in the emergency room are unnecessary in many cases.
• Plain English: Unnecessary Treatments in the Emergency Room (ACEP)
• Spanish: Evite tratamientos innecesarios en la sala de emergencias

Urinary Tract Infections in Older People (AGS, AMDA)

Older adults are often tested for UTIs. But if you don’t have symptoms, the tests are not very useful.
• Plain English: Urinary Tract Infections in Older People (AGS, AMDA)
• Spanish: Pruebas y tratamientos para infecciones de las vías urinarias (UTI) en personas mayores

Using Opioids Safely After Surgery (AUA)

If you need opioids after surgery, it is important to talk to your doctor about how to use them safely.
• Plain English: Using Opioids Safely After Surgery
• Spanish: El uso seguro de los opioides después de una cirugía

Vision Care for Children (AAPOS)

There are several common vision tests and procedures that many children do not need.
• Plain English: Vision Care for Children (AAPOS)
• Spanish: Cuidado de la vista para los niños

Vitamin D Tests (ASCP)

Doctors often order a blood test to measure your vitamin D, but the results are unlikely to change their advice.
• Plain English: Vitamin D Tests
• Lower Literacy: Vitamin D Tests
• Spanish: Pruebas de Vitamina D
• Lower Literacy Spanish: Obtén una prueba de vitamina D, pero solo si la necesitas

When It’s Hard to Get Pregnant (ASRM)

Some fertility tests are not usually needed. For example, most couples don't need laparoscopies or post-coital tests.
• Plain English: When It's Hard to Get Pregnant (ASRM)
• Spanish: Cuando es difícil embarazarse

When You Need a CT Scan to Check for a Blood Clot in Your Lungs (ACEP)

If you have most of the signs and risk factors for a blood clot in your lungs, it may be wise to have a CT scan. If not, you may receive a D-dimer blood test first.
• Plain English: When You Need a CT Scan to Check for a Blood Clot in Your Lungs
• Plain English: When You Need a CT Scan to Check for a Blood Clot in Your Lungs (for printer)
• Spanish: Cuándo necesita una CT scan para saber si tiene un coágulo en los pulmones
• Spanish: Cuándo necesita una CT scan para saber si tiene un coágulo en los pulmones (for printer)

Which Dental Treatments Are Right for You? (ADA)

Here are some facts about common dental treatments. Ask your dentist which treatments are best for you and your family.
• Plain English: Which Dental Treatments Are Right for You?
• Plain English: Which Dental Treatments Are Right for You? (for printer)
• Spanish: ¿Qué tratamientos dentales son los adecuados para usted?
• Spanish: ¿Qué tratamientos dentales son los adecuados para usted? (for printer)

Whole-Body Scans to Screen for Cancer (ACPM)

No medical society recommends whole-body scans. There is no evidence that they are a good screening tool.
• Plain English: Whole-Body Scans to Screen for Cancer (ACPM)
• Spanish: Tomografías de todo el cuerpo para detectar cáncer

Why the Doctor May Not Order a CT Scan for Kidney Stones (ACEP)

For most people, a urine test, blood test and health history are all that's needed to diagnose kidney stones.
• Plain English: Why the Doctor May Not Order a CT Scan for Kidney Stones
• Plain English: Why the Doctor May Not Order a CT Scan for Kidney Stones (for printer)
• Spanish: Por qué el médico podría decidir no hacerle una CT scan para saber si tiene piedras en el riñón
• Spanish: Por qué el médico podría decidir no hacerle una CT scan para saber si tiene piedras en el riñón (for printer)

From the High Value Care campaign

Adult Vaccines: Protect Yourself and Your Family (ACP)

Here's how to protect yourself, your loved ones, and others by learning all you can about vaccines.
• Plain English: Adult Vaccines: Protect Yourself and Your Family (ACP)
• Plain English: Adult Vaccines: Protect Yourself and Your Family (ACP) (For Printer)
• Spanish: Vacunas para adultos: protéjase usted y proteja a su familia
• Spanish: Vacunas para adultos: protéjase usted y proteja a su familia (For Printer)

Imaging Tests for Back Pain (ACP)

It seems like getting an X-ray, CT scan or MRI to find the cause would be a good idea.
• Plain English: Imaging Tests for Back Pain (ACP)
• Spanish: Estudios por imágenes para el dolor en la parte baja de la espalda
• Video: Imaging Tests for Back Pain (ACP)
• Video: Pruebas de imágenes para el dolor de espalda

Take Control of Your Health (ACP)

Use this guide to talk with your doctor about keeping your body healthy, getting preventive care, and choosing a healthy lifestyle.
• Plain English: Take Control of Your Health (ACP)
• Plain English: Take Control of Your Health (ACP) (For Printer)
• Spanish: Encárguese de su salud
• Spanish: Encárguese de su salud (For Printer)

Type 2 Diabetes Drugs (ACP)

The best drug choice usually isn't one of the newer, heavily advertised ones.
• Plain English: Type 2 Diabetes Drugs (ACP)
• Spanish: Cómo elegir un medicamento para la diabetes tipo 2

Upper Endoscopy for GERD (ACP)

People with heartburn often undergo a procedure called endoscopy to see if GERD is the cause.
• Plain English: Upper Endoscopy for GERD (ACP)
• Spanish: Endoscopia superior para agruras frecuentes o Enfermedad por Reflujo Gastroesofágico (GERD)

Vaccines for Adults (Poster)

Some vaccines are advised for all adults. Other vaccines are advised for only some adults.
• Plain English: Vaccines for Adults (Poster)
• Plain English: Vaccines for Adults (Poster) (for printing)
• Spanish: Vacunas para adultos
• Spanish: Vacunas para adultos (for printing)

Where To Go for Healthcare When You Need It (ACP)

Where should you go for care when urgent medical issues arise?
• Plain English: Where To Go for Healthcare When You Need It (ACP)
• Plain English: Where To Go for Healthcare When You Need It (ACP) (For Printer)
• Spanish: A dónde ir para recibir atención médica cuando la necesita
• Spanish: A dónde ir para recibir atención médica cuando la necesita (For Printer)

Your Health: Fact Not Fiction (poster)

Guidelines for high value care and better health, and what it means to be an engaged patient.
• English: Your Health: Fact Not Fiction (Pamphlet)
• English: Your Health: Fact Not Fiction (Poster)

Best Drugs for Less

Find Best Buy Drugs that are less expensive, as effective and as safe as some pricey, brand-name drugs.
• English: Best Drugs for Less

Five Questions to Ask About a New Drug (poster)

Make sure you understand the drug, why you're taking it, what to expect, and what to watch out for.
• English: Five Questions to Ask About a New Drug
• Video: Questions to Ask your Doctor about a New Drug
• Video: Preguntas para tu doctor

Prescription Painkillers: 5 Surprising Facts

How did these dangerously addictive pills turn into the most prescribed drugs in America?
• English: Prescription Painkillers: 5 Surprising Facts

Generic Drugs

The big difference is that generics usually cost less than brand-name drugs.
• English: Generic Drugs
• Spanish: Medicamentos genéricos
• Video: El mismo medicamento por menos dinero

Getting the Best Price

There are things you can do to save money on drugs—and sometimes a lot of money.
• English: Getting the Best Price
• Spanish: Cómo obtener el mejor precio
• Video: Cómo obtener el mejor precio en medicinas

Managing Multiple Medicines

The best way to make sure you are taking the right drugs is to review all your drugs with your doctors periodically.
• English: Managing Multiple Medicines
• Spanish: Múltiples medicamentos
• Video: Cómo manejar múltiples medicamentos

Medication Formularies

Using your plan’s formulary will help you save money on your drugs.
• English: Medication Formularies
• Spanish: Formulario de su plan de salud:

Off-Label Drug Use

One in five prescriptions in the U.S. is for a use not approved by the FDA.
• English: Off-Label Drug Use
• Spanish: Usos no aprobados
• Video: Off-label prescription drugs

Prescription Assistance Programs

Do you need help paying for prescription drugs? You may qualify for a Prescription Assistance Program (PAP).
• English: Prescription Assistance Programs
• Spanish: Programas de Asistencia para Medicamentos Recetados

Reading Labels

Both the label and the information sheet tell you important safety information.
• English: Reading Labels
• Spanish: Cómo leer etiquetas
• Video: Cómo leer etiquetas de su medicina
• Video: Understanding prescription drug labels

Side Effects

Tell your doctor about any previous unpleasant side effects, allergies, or bad reactions.
• English: Side Effects
• Spanish: Efectos secundarios
• Video: Los efectos secundarios

Splitting Pills

Many doctors and health authorities are advising this strategy with more and more medicines.
• English: Splitting Pills
• Spanish: División de tabletas

Starting a New Drug

Every time you get a new drug, make sure you understand why you are taking it and how to take it.
• English: Starting a New Drug
• Spanish: Cómo comenzar con un nuevo medicamento
• Video: Cómo comenzar un nuevo medicamento

Taking Your Medication as Directed

If you skip doses, take less than the full dose, or stop too soon, the drug may not work properly. Taking too much of a drug can also harm you.
• English: Taking Your Medication as Directed
• Spanish: Tome los medicamentos según las indicaciones
• Video: Tomar las medicinas según las indicaciones

10 Over-the-Counter Drugs to Avoid During Pregnancy

We’ve identified 10 common ingredients used in OTC drugs that are risky for pregnant women, as well as safer alternatives.
• English: 10 Over-the-Counter Drugs to Avoid During Pregnancy

10 Over-the-Counter Drugs to Avoid During Pregnancy

We’ve identified 10 common ingredients used in OTC drugs that are risky for pregnant women, as well as safer alternatives.
• English: 10 Over-the-Counter Drugs to Avoid During Pregnancy

9 Great Health Articles Worth Reading Again

A special compilation of highlights of our recent work in health at Consumer Reports.
• English: 9 Great Health Articles Worth Reading Again

America’s Antibiotic Crisis

Consumer Reports has joined the fight to keep a unique and life-saving product working: antibiotics.
• English: America's Antibiotic Crisis

Cancer Tests and Treatments

When you need that cancer screening test -- and when you don't.
• English: Cancer Tests and Treatments

Dr. Who?

The next ‘doctor’ you see might be a nurse practitioner. Here's a guide to who you can expect to see in a white coat, and how they can help you.
• English: Dr. Who?

Healing Hearts

Cardiac care is a money-making machine that too often favors profit over science.
• English: Healing Hearts

Medical Homes

Patient-centered medical homes seek to provide comprehensive, continuous, well-coordinated care to patients.
• English: Medical Homes

What Doctors Wish Their Patients Knew

How to strengthen the doctor-patient relationship.
• English: What Doctors Wish Their Patients Knew

What to Reject When You’re Expecting

Here are 10 procedures to think twice about during your pregnancy.
• English: What to Reject When You’re Expecting
• Spanish: Qué debe rechazar cuando está embarazada

Hospital Survival Guide: Before Admission

Planning for a hospital visit can lead to better care and faster care. So use that time to take these steps.
• English: Hospital Survival Guide: Before Admission

Hospital Survival Guide: Checkin

Besides taking care of financial and insurance questions, make sure you take these five steps at your hospital check-in.
• English: Hospital Survival Guide: Checkin

Hospital Survival Guide: Checkout

Six steps to help you get the right follow-up care and avoid being readmitted soon to the hospital.
• English: Hospital Survival Guide: Checkout

Hospital Survival Guide: Checkout Checklist

Reduce your chance of being re-admitted to the hospital by following these steps when you check out.
• English: Hospital Survival Guide: Checkout Checklist

Hospital Survival Guide: During Your Stay

These eight steps can help improve hospital-patient safety.
• English: Hospital Survival Guide: During Your Stay

California: How Does Your Doctor Compare? (2014)

In this special report for California residents, patients rate 170 physician groups.
• English: California: How Does Your Doctor Compare?
• Spanish: ¿Cómo se compara su médico?

California: How Does Your Doctor Compare? (2015)

In this 2015 report for California residents, patients rate more than 170 physician groups.
• English: California: How Does Your Doctor Compare? (2015)

Massachusetts: How Does Your Doctor Compare?

A special report for Massachusetts residents. Patients rate 487 adult, family and pediatric practices.
• English: Massachusetts: How Does Your Doctor Compare?

Minnesota: How Does Your Doctor Compare?

This special report for Minnesota residents provides exclusive Ratings of 552 doctors' offices statewide.
• English: Minnesota: How Does Your Doctor Compare?

Wisconsin: How Does Your Doctor Compare?

This special report for Wisconsin residents rates 19 medical groups across the state on key measures of care.
• English: Wisconsin: How Does Your Doctor Compare?