Patients and Families:
Our free reports and videos, for smarter health choices
From Choosing Wisely, Best Buy Drugs and our other projects, here are hundreds of guides to getting better, safer, more cost-effective care. They address real-life questions, such as whether you really need a chest X-ray before surgery, need an MRI for back pain, or need a brand-name drug for a heart condition.
These reports, in PDF format, are free for you to read, download or print for your individual and family use. Most reports also are available in Spanish or plain English versions.
Materials for Patients and Families
Tests and Treatments
Prepare yourself for discussions and decisions with these plain-language guides. We cover the most commonly used — and overused — tests, imaging methods, drugs and procedures.
From the High Value Care campaign
Adult Vaccines: Protect Yourself and Your Family (ACP) →
Here's how to protect yourself, your loved ones, and others by learning all you can about vaccines.
Imaging Tests for Back Pain (ACP) →
It seems like getting an X-ray, CT scan or MRI to find the cause would be a good idea.
Take Control of Your Health (ACP) →
Use this guide to talk with your doctor about keeping your body healthy, getting preventive care, and choosing a healthy lifestyle.
Type 2 Diabetes Drugs (ACP) →
The best drug choice usually isn't one of the newer, heavily advertised ones.
Upper Endoscopy for GERD (ACP) →
People with heartburn often undergo a procedure called endoscopy to see if GERD is the cause.
Vaccines for Adults (Poster) →
Some vaccines are advised for all adults. Other vaccines are advised for only some adults.
Where to Go for Healthcare When You Need It (ACP) →
Where should you go for care when urgent medical issues arise?
Your Health: Fact not Fiction (poster) →
Guidelines for high value care and better health, and what it means to be an engaged patient.
From the Choosing Wisely campaign
Advice for Caregivers: Treatments and Tests for Seniors →
Some tests and treatments won’t help older adults. They may even be harmful, especially near the end of life.
Allergy Tests (AAAAI) →
If you don’t have symptoms or a medical evaluation that points to allergy, think twice about skin or blood tests.
Alzheimer’s Disease Testing (SNMMI) →
If you're having memory problems, your doctor should look for other causes before ordering a brain scan.
Antibiotic Treatment in the Hospital (SHEA) →
The CDC is urging hospitals to cut back on the use of antibiotics when they are not needed. Here's what you should know.
Antibiotics for Ear Infections in Children (AAFP) →
In most cases of middle ear infection, antibiotics are not needed. Here's what to do instead.
Antibiotics for People With Catheters (AUA) →
Almost all people who have catheters have some bacteria in their urine. But that doesn’t mean they all need antibiotics.
Antibiotics for Pink Eye (AAO) →
Antibiotic eye drops or ointments don’t usually help with conjunctivitis. In fact, they can do more harm than good.
Antibiotics for Respiratory Illness in Adults (IDSA) →
Antibiotics don’t help most respiratory infections. Here’s when you need antibiotics, and when you don't.
Antibiotics for Respiratory Illness in Children (AAP) →
Most of the time, children don't need antibiotics for sore throat, cough or runny nose.
Antibiotics for Urinary Tract Infections in Older People (AGS) →
Many older people get antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections when they don't need it.
Antibiotics for Your Skin (AAD) →
Some skin problems don’t stem from infections at all. So treating them with antibiotics can do more harm than good.
Antibiotics: When You Need Them and When You Don’t →
When and how to use antibiotics to help you and your loved ones avoid drug resistance.
Antibiotics: Will They Help You or Hurt You? →
Do you really need antibiotics? They can help you. But they also can harm you.
Antipsychotic Drugs for People with Dementia (AGS) →
Powerful antipsychotic drugs should not be the first choice for people with dementia. Here's why.
Artery and Vein Problems (SVS) →
Vascular surgeons have listed four overused operations that are intended to treat vein and artery problems. If your doctor orders one of these, you should ask why.
Ask Your Doctor: Do I Need This Cancer Test or Treatment? (ASCO) →
You may not need some common forms of imaging, screening tests, monitoring and drug therapy for cancer.
Avoid Opioids for Most Long-Term Pain →
In this guide you can read what the experts say about using opioids.
Back Pain Tests and Treatments (AAPM&R) →
Some tests and treatments for back pain may not be right for you. That's why it is important to talk to your doctor.
Bed Rest for Lower-Back Pain (NASS) →
Studies show that staying in bed longer than 48 hours won’t help with lower-back pain.
Blood Tests for Miscarriage Risk (SMFM) →
Blood tests for thrombophilia often are not needed, even if you have had a pregnancy problem.
Blood Tests in the Hospital (SHM) →
In the hospital, if your blood test results stay the same after a day or two, you may not need them again.
Blood Transfusions for Anemia in the Hospital (ASH) →
Anemia is usually not urgent. Usually you don’t need a lot of blood. Or you may not need any blood at all.
Bone-Density Tests (AAFP) →
If you’re not at higher risk for weak bones, you should think twice about the bone-density test. Here’s why.
Brain Scans for Head Injuries (AMSSM) →
Brain scans are usually not helpful for a concussion.
Breast Biopsy (CoC) →
In contrast with surgical or "open" biopsy, a needle biopsy is easier on the body.
Cancer Tests and Treatments (ASCO) →
Some tests, treatments, and procedures are not only unnecessary, they can even prove harmful.
Cardiac Imaging Stress Tests (ASNC) →
In some cases, especially in healthy people without chest pain, you should be cautious about the tests.
Care at the End of Life for Advanced Cancer Patients (ASCO) →
Although it is hard to accept, the best thing for you may be to stop treatment for the cancer.
Carotid Artery Surgery (AAN) →
Having some blockage in a carotid artery doesn't automatically mean you should have artery-clearing surgery.
Chest X-rays Before Surgery (ACR) →
If you don’t have signs or symptoms of heart or lung disease, think twice about having a pre-operative X-ray.
Cholesterol Drugs for People Over 75 (AMDA) →
If you are age 75 or older and you haven’t had symptoms of heart disease, statins may be a bad idea.
Choosing Wisely: Antibiotics (Video) →
Antibiotics can help with some infections, but they're not right for every situation.
Clogged Neck Arteries (AAFP) →
Do you need a screening test for clogged neck arteries?
CMR Tests for Chest Pain and Cardiac Screening (SCMR) →
CMR is an imaging test for heart disease. But it may not be the best test for you.
Colonoscopy (AGA) →
Even a very good test can be done too often.
CT Scans for Children With Head Injuries (AAP) →
For children with head injuries, a CT scan often is not needed.
CT Scans in the Emergency Department (ACEP) →
They may not be needed as often as you think.
CT Scans to Find Lung Cancer in Smokers (CHEST/ATS) →
The CT scan, used to look for early signs of lung cancer, is not useful for many smokers.
Dental Fillings That Contain Mercury (ACMT, AACT) →
It's not necessary to replace fillings that contain mercury.
Dietary Supplements to Prevent Heart Disease or Cancer (ACPM) →
Research shows that most people don't benefit from taking supplements to prevent heart disease or cancer.
Do You Need a CT Scan for a Head Injury? (ACEP) →
A health history and physical exam can help the doctor decide if you need a Computerized Tomography (CT) scan.
Drugs for Migraine Headaches (AAN) →
Think twice about treating migraine attacks with opioids or butalbital.
Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis (ACR) →
The older, "non-biologic" drugs are a better first choice for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
Drugs to Prevent Infection During Chemotherapy (ASCO) →
When do you need CSFs? When don't you need them?
Early Delivery (ACOG, AAFP) →
To hurry a baby’s birth can increase the risk of serious problems for both you and your baby.
Echocardiogram Before Surgery (ASE) →
If you’re having surgery, you may wonder if you need an echocardiogram first.
Echocardiograms for Valve Disease (ACC) →
When do you need an echocardiogram?
Echocardiography After Valve Surgery (STS) →
Sometimes the echocardiogram imaging test is done very soon after heart valve surgery, while you are still in the hospital. Usually that's not useful.
EKGs and Exercise Stress Tests (AAFP) →
EKGs or exercise stress tests usually aren't necessary for people without symptoms.
Feeding Tubes for People With Alzheimer’s (AGS, AAHPM) →
Feeding tubes sometimes do more harm than good. Here’s why.
Five Physical Therapy Treatments You Probably Don’t Need (APTA) →
Five common physical therapy treatments can lead to harm, more tests, and greater costs.
Getting the Right Care to Stay Healthy as You Age →
Here’s a quick guide to some of the most common tests and treatments for older adults. It’s based on advice from medical experts and Consumer Reports.
Health Checkups (SGIM) →
You probably don't need that yearly checkup. In fact, it can do more harm than good.
Heart Imaging Before Surgery (ACC) →
If you’re having surgery, you may wonder if you need a heart imaging test first to make sure it is safe.
Heart Imaging Tests Before Surgery (ASNC) →
If you don't have heart problems, you probably don't need a heart test before an operation.
Heart Stress Tests Before Chest Surgery (STS) →
Stress tests usually aren’t helpful if you don’t have heart problems.
HIV: When You Need CD4 Tests (HIVMA) →
If your treatment for HIV is working well, you usually need the CD4 count less often, if at all. Here’s why.
Home Apnea Monitors for SIDs (AAP) →
Home apnea monitors give little or no protection from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
Home Oxygen After a Hospital Stay (CHEST/ATS) →
Many people who use long-term home oxygen therapy don’t need it.
Hospital Hazards (AAN) →
The American Academy of Nursing has identified four hospital practices that are usually unnecessary and may harm you.
Imaging and Blood Tests in Early Breast Cancer (ASCO) →
When do cancer experts recommend imaging tests and tumor marker tests?
Imaging Tests After a Heart Procedure (ACC) →
If you’ve had bypass surgery or a stent inserted to open a blocked artery, do you need regular imaging tests?
Imaging Tests for Back Pain (AAFP) →
It seems like getting an X-ray, CT scan or MRI to find the cause would be a good idea.
Imaging Tests for Early Prostate Cancer (ASCO) →
It's not always a good idea to get all the tests that are available. You may not need them.
Imaging Tests for Headaches (ACR) →
Many with severe headaches want a CT scan or MRI to see if they have a tumor or other serious problem.
Imaging Tests for Heart Disease (ACC) →
If you are a healthy person without symptoms, you should think twice about having these tests.
Imaging Tests for Ovarian Cysts (ACR) →
Repetitive ultrasound exams may not be necessary.
Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (AAAAI) →
Some people receive the treatment even though they don’t need it.
Implanted Heart Devices at the End of Life (AAHPM) →
An ICD helps the heart beat normally. But if you are near death, those shocks can make things worse.
Kidney Disease (ASN) →
Here are four important tests and treatments you should carefully discuss with your family and doctor
Lab Tests Before Surgery (ASCP) →
Most healthy people don't need blood or urine tests done before surgery, especially low-risk surgery. Here's why.
Lyme Disease Tests (ACR) →
There are two blood tests for Lyme disease, but usually you don't need them. Here's why.
Making Smart Decisions About Genetic Testing (ACMG) →
Sometimes a genetic test is not the best way to find an inherited condition or disease risk.
Managing Side Effects of Cancer and its Treatments (AAN) →
Some methods used to manage symptoms and side effects do not work. And some proven methods are often overlooked.
Medical Tests Before Eye Surgery (AAO) →
Most people don't need to have their blood tested or their heart checked before they have eye surgery. Here's why.
Medical Tests Before Surgery →
Often, pre-operative tests are not necessary. It is not a good idea to get them just because you’re having surgery.
Medicines to Relieve Chronic Pain (ASA) →
Opioids (narcotics) usually are not the best way to treat long-term pain like arthritis, back pain or headaches.
Medicines to Treat Cancer (ASCO) →
Drugs used to treat cancer can also cause harm, and some are very expensive. Here's what to discuss with your doctor.
Monitoring Your Baby’s Heartbeat During Labor (AAN) →
During labor and birth, the type of fetal heart rate monitoring called IA, for intermittent auscultation, is often the better choice.
Neck and Back Pain: When You Need Tests (AANEM) →
If the symptoms are severe or continue for a while, you may need an electrodiagnostic test.
Oral Antibiotics for Ear Infections (AAO-HNSF) →
Sometimes antibiotic eardrops are safer and more effective than oral antibiotics.
Overactive Bladder and Pelvic Organ Prolapse (AUGS) →
Here's what women should know about tests and treatments for these conditions.
Painkiller Choices With Kidney or Heart Problems (ASN) →
If you suffer from high blood pressure, heart failure, or kidney disease, steer clear of some pain relievers.
Palliative Care (AAHPM) →
With palliative care, you can get physical, emotional, and spiritual support at any stage of a serious illness.
Pap Tests (AAFP) →
Many teenage girls and some women have the test when they don’t need it. Here’s why.
Pelvic Exams and Pap Tests Before Contraceptives (AAFP) →
You usually don’t need a Pap test and pelvic exam before getting birth control pills.
PET Scans After Cancer Treatment (ASCO) →
If you've been treated for cancer, you may not need PET scans to check for a return of the cancer.
Preventing Infections in the Hospital (SHM) →
Watch out for two overused hospital medical practices, urinary catheters and ulcer drugs.
Preventing Seizures After an Ischemic Stroke (AANS, CNS) →
Anti-seizure medicine is not usually necessary after an ischemic stroke.
PSA Test for Prostate Cancer (AAFP) →
The PSA screening test is widely used, but often is not needed.
PSA Tests for Prostate Cancer (AUA) →
The PSA test is the only available screening test for prostate cancer, but it can have serious risks.
Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Radiation for Cancer (ASTRO) →
Radiation therapy can help treat cancer and the painful symptoms from tumors. But it's not always needed.
Radiation Therapy for Breast and Gynecologic Cancers (ASTRO) →
When it comes to radiation therapy, sometimes less is more. Use this advice to start a conversation with your doctor about the benefits and risks.
Radiation Therapy for Cancer (ASTRO) →
Here is advice for talking with your doctor about whether to use radiation as part of cancer treatment.
Screening Tests for Brain Aneurysms (AANS) →
Screening healthy people for weak areas in the brain's blood vessels can do more harm than good.
Screening Tests for Ovarian Cancer (SGO) →
Ultrasound and the CA-125 blood test are not useful for screening low-risk women for ovarian cancer.
Screening Tests: When You Need Them, When You Don’t →
It’s important to know which tests you need, and how often you need them.
Sentinel Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer (CoC, NAPBC) →
If you have breast cancer, there is a newer, simpler surgery to check your lymph nodes.
Sleeping Pills for Children With Insomnia (AASM) →
Sleep drugs aren’t made for children. There are no prescription drugs approved in the U.S. to treat childhood insomnia.
Sleeping Pills for Insomnia (AASM) →
Sleeping pills are often not the best option for insomnia. Here's what you need to know.
Sleeping Pills for Insomnia and Anxiety in Older People (AGS) →
Older adults usually should try other non-drug treatments first, for insomnia and anxiety.
Spirometry for Asthma (AAAAI) →
Many people who need the test don’t receive it.
Stable Heart Disease (SCAI) →
You may not need an angiogram if your heart disease is stable. Here's why.
Stress Tests After a Stent Procedure (SCAI) →
Stress tests usually aren’t helpful after a stent procedure, unless you have symptoms of heart disease.
Stress Tests Before Surgery (SVM) →
If you’re having surgery, you will probably not need a heart stress test beforehand if you are healthy, active, and feeling well, or if you’re having minor surgery.
Stress Tests for Chest Pain (ASNC) →
If you’re at low risk for having a heart problem, even if you have symptoms, you usually don’t need this imaging test.
Supplements for Osteoarthritis (AAOS) →
The popular supplements glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate do not help relieve arthritic knees.
Testing After Heart Procedures (ASNC) →
Unless you're experiencing symptoms, this test usually isn't helpful in the first few years after heart bypass surgery or a stent procedure.
Testosterone for Erection Problems (AUA) →
Unless you have other symptoms of low testosterone, you should think twice about the treatment. Here's why.
Tests and Treatments Employees may not Need (ACOEM) →
Employers should consider these guidelines when sending workers or job candidates to the doctor.
Tests and Treatments for Prostate Cancer →
It can be hard to know which tests and treatments to get for prostate cancer. This report pulls together the latest advice from experts.
Tests Before Heart Surgery (STS) →
Before heart surgery, you probably don't need a breathing test or carotid ultrasound test, unless you have breathing problems or symptoms.
Treating Acute Blood Clots (ASH) →
If you have a deep blood clot, you probably don't need a device called an IVC filter. They don't work better than blood-thinning drugs.
Treating Blocked Leg Arteries (SVM) →
Most people with Peripheral Artery Disease won't benefit from surgery or angioplasty.
Treating Frequent Headaches With Pain Relievers (AHS) →
It is easy to use too much pain medicine. This can make headaches worse and cause other medical problems.
Treating Heartburn and GERD (AGA) →
In most cases of heartburn a PPI isn't necessary.
Treating Low-Risk Prostate Cancer (ASTRO) →
If you have prostate cancer, but it poses a low risk to you, consider "watchful waiting."
Treating Plantar Fasciitis (AOFAS) →
Some doctors recommend surgery. But that can lead to complications, and it doesn’t always work.
Treating Sinusitis (AAAAI) →
Millions of people are prescribed antibiotics each year for sinusitis.
Treating Sinusitis (AAFP) →
Millions of people are prescribed antibiotics each year for sinusitis.
Treating Sleep Problems (APA) →
If you have insomnia, antipsychotic drugs should not be the first choice of treatment.
Treatments and Tests Your Baby may not Need in the Hospital (AAP) →
Here are some common tests and treatments a premature baby may not need.
Unnecessary Treatments in the Emergency Room (ACEP) →
Three procedures commonly used in the emergency room are unnecessary in many cases.
Urinary Tract Infections in Older People (AGS, AMDA) →
Older adults are often tested for UTIs. But if you don’t have symptoms, the tests are not very useful.
Vision Care for Children (AAPOS) →
There are several common vision tests and procedures that many children do not need.
Vitamin D Tests (ASCP) →
Doctors often order a blood test to measure your vitamin D, but the results are unlikely to change their advice.
When it’s Hard to Get Pregnant (ASRM) →
Some fertility tests are not usually needed. For example, most couples don't need laparoscopies or post-coital tests.
When you Need a CT Scan to Check for a Blood Clot in Your Lungs (ACEP) →
If you have most of the signs and risk factors for a blood clot in your lungs, it may be wise to have a CT scan. If not, you may receive a D-dimer blood test first.
Which Dental Treatments are Right for You? (ADA) →
Here are some facts about common dental treatments. Ask your dentist which treatments are best for you and your family.
Whole-Body Scans to Screen for Cancer (ACPM) →
No medical society recommends whole-body scans. There is no evidence that they are a good screening tool.
Why the Doctor may not Order a CT Scan for Kidney Stones (ACEP) →
For most people, a urine test, blood test and health history are all that's needed to diagnose kidney stones.
You May Not Need Antibiotics For Your Skin (AAD) →
You may not need antibiotics for some skin problems. Ask your doctor if there is another treatment you can try instead.
Drugs and Supplements
Most people spend far more on prescription drugs than they need to. Use our Best Buy Drugs reports and Money Saving Guides to find the safe, effective, inexpensive options for treating your disease or symptoms.
From Consumer Reports magazine
10 Over-the-Counter Drugs to Avoid During Pregnancy →
We’ve identified 10 common ingredients used in OTC drugs that are risky for pregnant women, as well as safer alternatives.
From our Best Buy Drugs series
Antidepressants →
Individual needs vary and people respond to antidepressants quite differently.
Antihistamines →
We evaluate seven second-generation antihistamines in this report.
Antiplatelet Drugs →
This report evaluates the use of five antiplatelet drugs.
Antipsychotics for Depression →
The atypical antipsychotics aren’t good first choices as add-ons to antidepressants.
Antipsychotics in Children →
This report focuses on the use of prescription medications called atypical antipsychotics by children and teenagers.
Best Drugs for Less →
Find Best Buy Drugs that are less expensive, as effective and as safe as some pricey, brand-name drugs.
Drugs for ADHD →
Our analysis found no evidence that any ADHD drug is more effective than another.
Drugs for Alzheimer’s →
There is no way as yet to predict who will respond to one of the five drugs approved to treat Alzheimer's disease.
Drugs for Asthma →
Not everyone with asthma or COPD needs an inhaled steroid.
Drugs for Constipation →
If your constipation persists for two to three weeks, you may need a drug. A variety are available.
Drugs for Diabetes →
Six types of oral medicines are now available to help people control blood sugar.
Drugs for Enlarged Prostate →
We have chosen one alpha-blocker as a Consumer Reports Best Buy Drug.
Drugs for Heartburn →
PPIs are effective at treating GERD, but you will have to see a doctor to confirm you have the condition.
Drugs for Insomnia →
We recommend that both prescription and nonprescription sleeping pills be used judiciously.
Drugs for Overactive Bladder →
If your frequent trips to the bathroom are interfering with your life or you're having accidents, consider medication.
Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis →
Many people who have not benefited from other rheumatoid arthritis drugs get some relief from biologics.
Five Questions to Ask About a New Drug (poster) →
Make sure you understand the drug, why you're taking it, what to expect, and what to watch out for.
Muscle Relaxants →
Muscle relaxants might help with spasticity in disorders such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis or stroke.
NSAIDs →
This report shows how you could save $135 a month ($1,640 a year) or more if you need to take an NSAID.
Opioids →
Opioids are only moderately effective in treating long-term chronic pain.
Prescription Painkillers: 5 Surprising Facts →
How did these dangerously addictive pills turn into the most prescribed drugs in America?
Preventing Bone Fractures in Osteoporosis →
If you have osteoporosis, here is how to choose a drug to prevent bone fractures, considering effectiveness, safety and price.
Statins →
There are seven statins, but they're not all the same. Some deliver a greater reduction in cholesterol than others.
Treating High Blood Pressure →
If diet and exercise alone do not help enough, then you should consider adding a blood pressure drug.
Triptans for Migraine →
If nonprescription pain relievers don't work for you, the next step may be a triptan.
From our Money Saving Guides
Generic Drugs →
The big difference is that generics usually cost less than brand-name drugs.
Getting the Best Price →
There are things you can do to save money on drugs—and sometimes a lot of money.
Managing Multiple Medicines →
The best way to make sure you are taking the right drugs is to review all your drugs with your doctors periodically.
Medication Formularies →
Using your plan’s formulary will help you save money on your drugs.
Off-Label Drug Use →
One in five prescriptions in the U.S. is for a use not approved by the FDA.
Prescription Assistance Programs →
Do you need help paying for prescription drugs? You may qualify for a Prescription Assistance Program (PAP).
Reading Labels →
Both the label and the information sheet tell you important safety information.
Side Effects →
Tell your doctor about any previous unpleasant side effects, allergies, or bad reactions.
Splitting Pills →
Many doctors and health authorities are advising this strategy with more and more medicines.
Starting a New Drug →
Every time you get a new drug, make sure you understand why you are taking it and how to take it.
Taking Your Medication as Directed →
If you skip doses, take less than the full dose, or stop too soon, the drug may not work properly. Taking too much of a drug can also harm you.
Doctors
Does your doctor measure up? We have detailed ratings, based on medical performance, for four states, plus advice for everyone on how to forge a better relationship with your doctor.
From Consumer Reports magazine
- English: Dr. Who?
- English: What Doctors Wish Their Patients Knew
Dr. Who? →
The next ‘doctor’ you see might be a nurse practitioner. Here's a guide to who you can expect to see in a white coat, and how they can help you.
What Doctors Wish Their Patients Knew →
How to strengthen the doctor-patient relationship.
State by state Ratings
- English: California: How Does Your Doctor Compare?
- Spanish: ¿Cómo se compara su médico?
- English: California: How Does Your Doctor Compare? (2015)
- English: Massachusetts: How Does Your Doctor Compare?
- English: Minnesota: How Does Your Doctor Compare?
- English: Wisconsin: How Does Your Doctor Compare?
California: How Does Your Doctor Compare? (2014) →
In this special report for California residents, patients rate 170 physician groups.
California: How Does Your Doctor Compare? (2015) →
In this 2015 report for California residents, patients rate more than 170 physician groups.
Massachusetts: How Does Your Doctor Compare? →
A special report for Massachusetts residents. Patients rate 487 adult, family and pediatric practices.
Minnesota: How Does Your Doctor Compare? →
This special report for Minnesota residents provides exclusive Ratings of 552 doctors' offices statewide.
Wisconsin: How Does Your Doctor Compare? →
This special report for Wisconsin residents rates 19 medical groups across the state on key measures of care.
Hospitals
Our Hospital Survival Guides give you simple steps — before, during and after your stay — for improving your safety and the success of your medical procedure. Share these PDFs with your friends, too.
From Consumer Reports magazine
From our Hospital Survival Guide
- English: Hospital Survival Guide: Before Admission
- English: Hospital Survival Guide: Checkin
- English: Hospital Survival Guide: Checkout
- English: Hospital Survival Guide: Checkout Checklist
- English: Hospital Survival Guide: During Your Stay
Hospital Survival Guide: Before Admission →
Planning for a hospital visit can lead to better care and faster care. So use that time to take these steps.
Hospital Survival Guide: Checkin →
Besides taking care of financial and insurance questions, make sure you take these five steps at your hospital check-in.
Hospital Survival Guide: Checkout →
Six steps to help you get the right follow-up care and avoid being readmitted soon to the hospital.
Hospital Survival Guide: Checkout Checklist →
Reduce your chance of being re-admitted to the hospital by following these steps when you check out.
Hospital Survival Guide: During Your Stay →
These eight steps can help improve hospital-patient safety.
Price Reports
You might be surprised by the range of prices charged for elective procedures, depending on who’s paying and who’s providing the service. Take control over your own medical budget with these guides to fair prices.
From Consumer Reports magazine
From What's a Fair Price?
Informes en español
La mayoría de nuestros informes sobre fármacos, pruebas y tratamientos están disponibles en español. Hemos reunido a todos los informes en un solo sitio.
From High Value Care
- Spanish: Vacunas para adultos: protéjase usted y proteja a su familia
- Spanish: Vacunas para adultos: protéjase usted y proteja a su familia (For Printer)
- Spanish: Estudios por imágenes para el dolor en la parte baja de la espalda
- Spanish: Encárguese de su salud
- Spanish: Encárguese de su salud (For Printer)
- Spanish: Cómo elegir un medicamento para la diabetes tipo 2
- Spanish: Endoscopia superior para agruras frecuentes o Enfermedad por Reflujo Gastroesofágico (GERD)
- Spanish: Vacunas para adultos
- Spanish: Vacunas para adultos (for printing)
- Spanish: A dónde ir para recibir atención médica cuando la necesita
- Spanish: A dónde ir para recibir atención médica cuando la necesita (For Printer)
Adult Vaccines: Protect Yourself and Your Family (ACP) →
Here's how to protect yourself, your loved ones, and others by learning all you can about vaccines.
Imaging Tests for Back Pain (ACP) →
It seems like getting an X-ray, CT scan or MRI to find the cause would be a good idea.
Take Control of Your Health (ACP) →
Use this guide to talk with your doctor about keeping your body healthy, getting preventive care, and choosing a healthy lifestyle.
Type 2 Diabetes Drugs (ACP) →
The best drug choice usually isn't one of the newer, heavily advertised ones.
Upper Endoscopy for GERD (ACP) →
People with heartburn often undergo a procedure called endoscopy to see if GERD is the cause.
Vaccines for Adults (Poster) →
Some vaccines are advised for all adults. Other vaccines are advised for only some adults.
Where to Go for Healthcare When You Need It (ACP) →
Where should you go for care when urgent medical issues arise?
From Choosing Wisely
- Spanish: Consejos para los cuidadores
- Spanish: Pruebas para Alergias
- Spanish: Pruebas para la enfermedad de Alzheimer
- Spanish: Tratamiento antibiótico en el hospital
- Spanish: Antibióticos para infecciones del oído en niños
- Spanish: Antibióticos para personas con sondas
- Spanish: Antibióticos para la conjuntivitis
- Spanish: Resfriados, influenza y otras enfermedades respiratorias en adultos
- Spanish: Antibióticos para garganta irritada, tos o nariz tapada
- Spanish: Antibióticos para las infecciones de las vías urinarias en personas mayores
- Spanish: Antibióticos para la piel
- Spanish: Antibióticos para la piel (for printer)
- Spanish: Antibióticos: Cuándo se necesitan y cuándo no
- Spanish: Antibióticos: ¿Te ayudarán o te harán daño?
- Spanish: Antibióticos: ¿Te ayudarán o te harán daño? (For offset printing)
- Spanish: Tratamiento del comportamiento problemático en personas con demencia
- Spanish: Problemas de las arterias y las venas
- Spanish: Pregúntele a su médico: ¿Necesito esta prueba o tratamiento para el cáncer?
- Spanish: Evite los opioides contra casi todos los dolores de larga duración
- Spanish: Evite los opioides contra casi todos los dolores de larga duración (for printer)
- Spanish: Pruebas y tratamientos para el dolor de espalda
- Spanish: Tratamiento del dolor en la parte baja de la espalda
- Spanish: Pruebas de sangre para mostrar el riesgo de un aborto espontáneo
- Spanish: Pruebas de sangre cuando usted está en el hospital
- Spanish: Transfusiones de sangre para la anemia en el hospital
- Spanish: Pruebas de Densidad de los Huesos
- Spanish: Las tomografías del cerebro para las lesiones de la cabeza
- Spanish: Biopsia del seno
- Spanish: Cuidados al fin de la vida para pacientes con cáncer avanzado
- Spanish: Cirugía de la arteria carótida
- Spanish: Radiografía del tórax antes de una cirugía
- Spanish: Medicamentos para el colesterol para personas mayores de 75 años
- Spanish: Arterias del cuello obstruidas
- Spanish: Pruebas de CMR para el dolor de pecho y examen cardíaco
- Spanish: Tomografías (CT scans) para niños con lesiones en la cabeza
- Spanish: CT scans en el departamento de emergencias
- Spanish: CT scans en el departamento de emergencias (for printer)
- Spanish: Tomografías (CT scans) para detectar cáncer de pulmón en fumadores
- Spanish: Empastes dentales que contienen mercurio
- Spanish: Suplementos dietéticos para prevenir la enfermedad cardíaca o el cáncer
- Spanish: Tratamiento de migrañas
- Spanish: Cómo tratar la artritis reumatoide
- Spanish: Medicamentos para aumentar los glóbulos blancos en pacientes con cáncer que reciben quimioterapia
- Spanish: Al dar a luz a su bebé
- Spanish: Un ecocardiograma antes de una cirugía
- Spanish: Ecocardiografía para valvulopatías cardíacas
- Spanish: Un ecocardiograma después de una cirugía para reemplazar una válvula cardíaca
- Spanish: Los electrocardiogramas (ECG) (EKG) y las pruebas de esfuerzo durante el ejercicio
- Spanish: Sondas de Alimentación para las personas con Alzheimer
- Spanish: Terapia Física
- Spanish: Small Poster in Spanish
- Spanish: Small Poster in Spanish for Printing
- Spanish: Large Poster in Spanish
- Spanish: Large Poster in Spanish for Printing
- Spanish: 5 Preguntas Para Hacerle a Su Médico
- Spanish: 5 Preguntas Para Hacerle a Su Médico (lower literacy version)
- Spanish: Aquí hay 5 preguntas
- Spanish: Aquí hay 5 preguntas (for printing)
- Spanish: 5 Preguntas Para Hacerle a Su Médico
- Spanish: 5 Preguntas Para Hacerle a Su Médico (lower literacy version)
- Spanish: 5 preguntas para hacerle a su médico
- Spanish: 5 preguntas para hacerle al doctor antes de tomar antibióticos
- Spanish: 5 preguntas para hacerle al doctor antes de tomar antibióticos (For Printer)
- Spanish: 5 preguntas para hacerle al doctor antes de tomar antibióticos
- Spanish: 5 preguntas para hacerle al doctor antes de tomar antibióticos (For Printer)
- Spanish: 5 preguntas para hacerle al doctor antes de tomar antibióticos
- Spanish: 5 preguntas para hacerle al doctor antes de tomar antibióticos (For Printer)
- Spanish: 5 preguntas para hacerle al doctor antes de tomar antibióticos
- Spanish: 5 preguntas para hacerle al doctor antes de tomar antibióticos (For Printer)
- Spanish: 5 maneras de ser inteligente en cuanto al cáncer de ovario se refiere
- Spanish: Exámenes médicos
- Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes del corazón antes de una cirugía
- Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes del corazón antes de una cirugía
- Spanish: Pruebas de esfuerzo del corazón antes de una cirugía de tórax
- Spanish: Monitores caseros para la apnea para el SIDS
- Spanish: Oxígeno en casa después de una estadía en el hospital
- Spanish: Peligros en el hospital
- Spanish: Pruebas de marcadores tumorales y de imágenes para el cáncer de seno
- Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes después de un procedimiento cardíaco
- Spanish: Pruebas radiológicas debido a dolor en la parte baja de la espalda
- Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes para el cáncer de próstata en su etapa temprana
- Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes para dolores de cabeza
- Spanish: Pruebas de Imágenes para la enfermedad cardíaca
- Spanish: Pruebas de imágenes para quistes ováricos
- Spanish: Dispositivos cardíacos implantados al final de la vida
- Spanish: Enfermedad Renal Crónica
- Spanish: Pruebas de laboratorio antes de una cirugía
- Spanish: ¿Le duele la parte baja de la espalda?
- Spanish: ¿Le duele la parte baja de la espalda? (For printer)
- Spanish: Pruebas para la Enfermedad de Lyme
- Spanish: Cómo tomar decisiones inteligentes sobre las pruebas genéticas
- Spanish: Pruebas médicas antes de una cirugía de ojo
- Spanish: Pruebas médicas antes de una cirugía
- Spanish: Medicinas para aliviar el dolor crónico
- Spanish: Medicinas para tratar el cáncer
- Spanish: Monitoreo del latido cardíaco del bebé durante el trabajo de parto
- Spanish: Dolor de cuello y espalda
- Spanish: ¿Tienes dolor constante que no es por cáncer o una enfermedad terminal?
- Spanish: ¿Tienes dolor constante que no es por cáncer o una enfermedad terminal? (for printer)
- Spanish: Antibióticos orales para las infecciones del oído
- Spanish: Vejiga hiperactiva y prolapso de órganos pélvicos
- Spanish: Medicinas para el dolor
- Spanish: Cuidados Paliativos
- Spanish: Pruebas de Papanicolaou
- Spanish: Exámenes pélvicos, exámenes de Papanicolau y anticonceptivos orales
- Spanish: Tomografías (PET scans) después del tratamiento contra el cáncer
- Spanish: Cómo prevenir las infecciones en el hospital
- Spanish: Prevención de convulsiones después de un ataque cerebral isquémico
- Spanish: La prueba de sangre PSA para detectar cáncer de próstata
- Spanish: Las pruebas de sangre del antígeno prostático específico o PSA para el cáncer de próstata
- Spanish: Preguntas sobre la radiación para el cáncer
- Spanish: La radioterapia para los cánceres ginecológicos y de seno
- Spanish: La radioterapia para el cáncer
- Spanish: Pruebas de detección para aneurismas cerebrales
- Spanish: Exámenes de detección para el cáncer de ovario
- Spanish: Pruebas de detección
- Spanish: Tratamiento para el cáncer de seno
- Spanish: Evite dar somníferos a los niños con insomnio
- Spanish: Las pastillas para dormir para el insomnio
- Spanish: Insomnio y ansiedad en personas mayores
- Spanish: Espirometría para el asma
- Spanish: Enfermedad cardíaca estable
- Spanish: Pruebas de esfuerzo después de un procedimiento de endoprótesis o colocación de stent
- Spanish: Pruebas de esfuerzo del corazón antes de una cirugía
- Spanish: El tratamiento de la osteoartritis de la rodilla
- Spanish: Pruebas después de procedimientos cardíacos
- Spanish: Tratamiento para los problemas de erección
- Spanish: Pruebas y tratamientos que posiblemente sus empleados no necesiten
- Spanish: Exámenes y tratamientos para el cáncer de próstata
- Spanish: Exámenes y tratamientos para el cáncer de próstata )for printer)
- Spanish: Pruebas antes de una cirugía del corazón
- Spanish: ¿Crees que tu hijo necesita antibióticos?
- Spanish: ¿Crees que tu hijo necesita antibióticos? (For printing)
- Spanish: Tratamiento de coágulos sanguíneos agudos
- Spanish: Tratamiento de arterias obstruidas en las piernas
- Spanish: Tratamiento de dolores de cabeza frecuentes con analgésicos
- Spanish: Cáncer de próstata de bajo riesgo
- Spanish: Tratamiento de la Fascitis Plantar
- Spanish: Cómo tratar la sinusitis
- Spanish: Cómo tratar la sinusitis
- Spanish: Tratamiento de problemas del sueño
- Spanish: Tratamientos y pruebas que probablemente su bebé no necesite en el hospital
- Spanish: Evite tratamientos innecesarios en la sala de emergencias
- Spanish: Pruebas y tratamientos para infecciones de las vías urinarias (UTI) en personas mayores
- Spanish: Cuidado de la vista para los niños
- Spanish: Pruebas de Vitamina D
- Spanish: Cuando es difícil embarazarse
- Spanish: ¿Qué tratamientos dentales son los adecuados para usted?
- Spanish: ¿Qué tratamientos dentales son los adecuados para usted? (for printer)
- Spanish: Tomografías de todo el cuerpo para detectar cáncer
Advice for Caregivers: Treatments and Tests for Seniors →
Some tests and treatments won’t help older adults. They may even be harmful, especially near the end of life.
Allergy Tests (AAAAI) →
If you don’t have symptoms or a medical evaluation that points to allergy, think twice about skin or blood tests.
Alzheimer’s Disease Testing (SNMMI) →
If you're having memory problems, your doctor should look for other causes before ordering a brain scan.
Antibiotic Treatment in the Hospital (SHEA) →
The CDC is urging hospitals to cut back on the use of antibiotics when they are not needed. Here's what you should know.
Antibiotics for Ear Infections in Children (AAFP) →
In most cases of middle ear infection, antibiotics are not needed. Here's what to do instead.
Antibiotics for People With Catheters (AUA) →
Almost all people who have catheters have some bacteria in their urine. But that doesn’t mean they all need antibiotics.
Antibiotics for Pink Eye (AAO) →
Antibiotic eye drops or ointments don’t usually help with conjunctivitis. In fact, they can do more harm than good.
Antibiotics for Respiratory Illness in Adults (IDSA) →
Antibiotics don’t help most respiratory infections. Here’s when you need antibiotics, and when you don't.
Antibiotics for Respiratory Illness in Children (AAP) →
Most of the time, children don't need antibiotics for sore throat, cough or runny nose.
Antibiotics for Urinary Tract Infections in Older People (AGS) →
Many older people get antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections when they don't need it.
Antibiotics for Your Skin (AAD) →
Some skin problems don’t stem from infections at all. So treating them with antibiotics can do more harm than good.
Antibiotics: When You Need Them and When You Don’t →
When and how to use antibiotics to help you and your loved ones avoid drug resistance.
Antibiotics: Will They Help You or Hurt You? →
Do you really need antibiotics? They can help you. But they also can harm you.
Antipsychotic Drugs for People with Dementia (AGS) →
Powerful antipsychotic drugs should not be the first choice for people with dementia. Here's why.
Artery and Vein Problems (SVS) →
Vascular surgeons have listed four overused operations that are intended to treat vein and artery problems. If your doctor orders one of these, you should ask why.
Ask Your Doctor: Do I Need This Cancer Test or Treatment? (ASCO) →
You may not need some common forms of imaging, screening tests, monitoring and drug therapy for cancer.
Avoid Opioids for Most Long-Term Pain →
In this guide you can read what the experts say about using opioids.
Back Pain Tests and Treatments (AAPM&R) →
Some tests and treatments for back pain may not be right for you. That's why it is important to talk to your doctor.
Bed Rest for Lower-Back Pain (NASS) →
Studies show that staying in bed longer than 48 hours won’t help with lower-back pain.
Blood Tests for Miscarriage Risk (SMFM) →
Blood tests for thrombophilia often are not needed, even if you have had a pregnancy problem.
Blood Tests in the Hospital (SHM) →
In the hospital, if your blood test results stay the same after a day or two, you may not need them again.
Blood Transfusions for Anemia in the Hospital (ASH) →
Anemia is usually not urgent. Usually you don’t need a lot of blood. Or you may not need any blood at all.
Bone-Density Tests (AAFP) →
If you’re not at higher risk for weak bones, you should think twice about the bone-density test. Here’s why.
Brain Scans for Head Injuries (AMSSM) →
Brain scans are usually not helpful for a concussion.
Breast Biopsy (CoC) →
In contrast with surgical or "open" biopsy, a needle biopsy is easier on the body.
Care at the End of Life for Advanced Cancer Patients (ASCO) →
Although it is hard to accept, the best thing for you may be to stop treatment for the cancer.
Carotid Artery Surgery (AAN) →
Having some blockage in a carotid artery doesn't automatically mean you should have artery-clearing surgery.
Chest X-rays Before Surgery (ACR) →
If you don’t have signs or symptoms of heart or lung disease, think twice about having a pre-operative X-ray.
Cholesterol Drugs for People Over 75 (AMDA) →
If you are age 75 or older and you haven’t had symptoms of heart disease, statins may be a bad idea.
Choosing Wisely Public Service Announcement (Video) →
Your doctor recommends a test, treatment or procedure. But is it really necessary?
Choosing Wisely: Antibiotics (Video) →
Antibiotics can help with some infections, but they're not right for every situation.
Clogged Neck Arteries (AAFP) →
Do you need a screening test for clogged neck arteries?
CMR Tests for Chest Pain and Cardiac Screening (SCMR) →
CMR is an imaging test for heart disease. But it may not be the best test for you.
CT Scans for Children With Head Injuries (AAP) →
For children with head injuries, a CT scan often is not needed.
CT Scans in the Emergency Department (ACEP) →
They may not be needed as often as you think.
CT Scans to Find Lung Cancer in Smokers (CHEST/ATS) →
The CT scan, used to look for early signs of lung cancer, is not useful for many smokers.
Dental Fillings That Contain Mercury (ACMT, AACT) →
It's not necessary to replace fillings that contain mercury.
Dietary Supplements to Prevent Heart Disease or Cancer (ACPM) →
Research shows that most people don't benefit from taking supplements to prevent heart disease or cancer.
Drugs for Migraine Headaches (AAN) →
Think twice about treating migraine attacks with opioids or butalbital.
Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis (ACR) →
The older, "non-biologic" drugs are a better first choice for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
Drugs to Prevent Infection During Chemotherapy (ASCO) →
When do you need CSFs? When don't you need them?
Early Delivery (ACOG, AAFP) →
To hurry a baby’s birth can increase the risk of serious problems for both you and your baby.
Echocardiogram Before Surgery (ASE) →
If you’re having surgery, you may wonder if you need an echocardiogram first.
Echocardiograms for Valve Disease (ACC) →
When do you need an echocardiogram?
Echocardiography After Valve Surgery (STS) →
Sometimes the echocardiogram imaging test is done very soon after heart valve surgery, while you are still in the hospital. Usually that's not useful.
EKGs and Exercise Stress Tests (AAFP) →
EKGs or exercise stress tests usually aren't necessary for people without symptoms.
Feeding Tubes for People With Alzheimer’s (AGS, AAHPM) →
Feeding tubes sometimes do more harm than good. Here’s why.
Five Physical Therapy Treatments You Probably Don’t Need (APTA) →
Five common physical therapy treatments can lead to harm, more tests, and greater costs.
Five Questions to Ask About Medical Tests Before Surgery (posters) →
Talk to your doctor to make sure you end up with the right pre-op tests.
Five Questions to Ask Your Doctor (large posters) →
This poster offers five questions that patients should ask their doctor before agreeing to any medical test or procedure.
Five Questions to Ask Your Doctor (rack cards) →
Here's a rack card designed for waiting rooms and exam rooms: Don't know what to ask your health care provider? Here are five questions.
Five Questions to Ask Your Doctor (small posters) →
This poster offers five questions that patients should ask their doctor before agreeing to any medical test or procedure.
Five Questions to Ask Your Doctor (wallet card) →
A handy wallet card, suitable for tucking behind your health insurance card, that reminds you of five questions to ask your doctor.
Five Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Antibiotics (large posters, for adults) →
Use these five questions to talk to your doctor about when you need antibiotics -- and when you don’t.
Five Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Antibiotics (large posters, for children) →
Use these five questions to talk to your doctor about when you need antibiotics -- and when you don’t.
Five Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Antibiotics (small posters, for adults) →
Use these five questions to talk to your doctor about when you need antibiotics -- and when you don’t.
Five Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Antibiotics (small posters, for children) →
Use these five questions to talk to your doctor about when you need antibiotics -- and when you don’t.
Five Ways to be Smart About Ovarian Cancer (posters) →
What you need to know about ovarian cancer prevention, risks, symptoms and testing.
Health Checkups (SGIM) →
You probably don't need that yearly checkup. In fact, it can do more harm than good.
Heart Imaging Before Surgery (ACC) →
If you’re having surgery, you may wonder if you need a heart imaging test first to make sure it is safe.
Heart Imaging Tests Before Surgery (ASNC) →
If you don't have heart problems, you probably don't need a heart test before an operation.
Heart Stress Tests Before Chest Surgery (STS) →
Stress tests usually aren’t helpful if you don’t have heart problems.
Home Apnea Monitors for SIDs (AAP) →
Home apnea monitors give little or no protection from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
Home Oxygen After a Hospital Stay (CHEST/ATS) →
Many people who use long-term home oxygen therapy don’t need it.
Hospital Hazards (AAN) →
The American Academy of Nursing has identified four hospital practices that are usually unnecessary and may harm you.
Imaging and Blood Tests in Early Breast Cancer (ASCO) →
When do cancer experts recommend imaging tests and tumor marker tests?
Imaging Tests After a Heart Procedure (ACC) →
If you’ve had bypass surgery or a stent inserted to open a blocked artery, do you need regular imaging tests?
Imaging Tests for Back Pain (AAFP) →
It seems like getting an X-ray, CT scan or MRI to find the cause would be a good idea.
Imaging Tests for Early Prostate Cancer (ASCO) →
It's not always a good idea to get all the tests that are available. You may not need them.
Imaging Tests for Headaches (ACR) →
Many with severe headaches want a CT scan or MRI to see if they have a tumor or other serious problem.
Imaging Tests for Heart Disease (ACC) →
If you are a healthy person without symptoms, you should think twice about having these tests.
Imaging Tests for Ovarian Cysts (ACR) →
Repetitive ultrasound exams may not be necessary.
Implanted Heart Devices at the End of Life (AAHPM) →
An ICD helps the heart beat normally. But if you are near death, those shocks can make things worse.
Kidney Disease (ASN) →
Here are four important tests and treatments you should carefully discuss with your family and doctor
Lab Tests Before Surgery (ASCP) →
Most healthy people don't need blood or urine tests done before surgery, especially low-risk surgery. Here's why.
Lower Back Pain (rack card) →
Does your lower back hurt? You probably don’t need an MRI, CT scan, or X-ray.
Lyme Disease Tests (ACR) →
There are two blood tests for Lyme disease, but usually you don't need them. Here's why.
Making Smart Decisions About Genetic Testing (ACMG) →
Sometimes a genetic test is not the best way to find an inherited condition or disease risk.
Medical Tests Before Eye Surgery (AAO) →
Most people don't need to have their blood tested or their heart checked before they have eye surgery. Here's why.
Medical Tests Before Surgery →
Often, pre-operative tests are not necessary. It is not a good idea to get them just because you’re having surgery.
Medicines to Relieve Chronic Pain (ASA) →
Opioids (narcotics) usually are not the best way to treat long-term pain like arthritis, back pain or headaches.
Medicines to Treat Cancer (ASCO) →
Drugs used to treat cancer can also cause harm, and some are very expensive. Here's what to discuss with your doctor.
Monitoring Your Baby’s Heartbeat During Labor (AAN) →
During labor and birth, the type of fetal heart rate monitoring called IA, for intermittent auscultation, is often the better choice.
Neck and Back Pain: When You Need Tests (AANEM) →
If the symptoms are severe or continue for a while, you may need an electrodiagnostic test.
Opioids for Pain (rack card) →
Do you have ongoing pain that is not from cancer or a terminal illness? If so, you probably don't need an opioid pain reliever.
Oral Antibiotics for Ear Infections (AAO-HNSF) →
Sometimes antibiotic eardrops are safer and more effective than oral antibiotics.
Overactive Bladder and Pelvic Organ Prolapse (AUGS) →
Here's what women should know about tests and treatments for these conditions.
Painkiller Choices With Kidney or Heart Problems (ASN) →
If you suffer from high blood pressure, heart failure, or kidney disease, steer clear of some pain relievers.
Palliative Care (AAHPM) →
With palliative care, you can get physical, emotional, and spiritual support at any stage of a serious illness.
Pap Tests (AAFP) →
Many teenage girls and some women have the test when they don’t need it. Here’s why.
Pelvic Exams and Pap Tests Before Contraceptives (AAFP) →
You usually don’t need a Pap test and pelvic exam before getting birth control pills.
PET Scans After Cancer Treatment (ASCO) →
If you've been treated for cancer, you may not need PET scans to check for a return of the cancer.
Preventing Infections in the Hospital (SHM) →
Watch out for two overused hospital medical practices, urinary catheters and ulcer drugs.
Preventing Seizures After an Ischemic Stroke (AANS, CNS) →
Anti-seizure medicine is not usually necessary after an ischemic stroke.
PSA Test for Prostate Cancer (AAFP) →
The PSA screening test is widely used, but often is not needed.
PSA Tests for Prostate Cancer (AUA) →
The PSA test is the only available screening test for prostate cancer, but it can have serious risks.
Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Radiation for Cancer (ASTRO) →
Radiation therapy can help treat cancer and the painful symptoms from tumors. But it's not always needed.
Radiation Therapy for Breast and Gynecologic Cancers (ASTRO) →
When it comes to radiation therapy, sometimes less is more. Use this advice to start a conversation with your doctor about the benefits and risks.
Radiation Therapy for Cancer (ASTRO) →
Here is advice for talking with your doctor about whether to use radiation as part of cancer treatment.
Screening Tests for Brain Aneurysms (AANS) →
Screening healthy people for weak areas in the brain's blood vessels can do more harm than good.
Screening Tests for Ovarian Cancer (SGO) →
Ultrasound and the CA-125 blood test are not useful for screening low-risk women for ovarian cancer.
Screening Tests: When You Need Them, When You Don’t →
It’s important to know which tests you need, and how often you need them.
Sentinel Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer (CoC, NAPBC) →
If you have breast cancer, there is a newer, simpler surgery to check your lymph nodes.
Sleeping Pills for Children With Insomnia (AASM) →
Sleep drugs aren’t made for children. There are no prescription drugs approved in the U.S. to treat childhood insomnia.
Sleeping Pills for Insomnia (AASM) →
Sleeping pills are often not the best option for insomnia. Here's what you need to know.
Sleeping Pills for Insomnia and Anxiety in Older People (AGS) →
Older adults usually should try other non-drug treatments first, for insomnia and anxiety.
Spirometry for Asthma (AAAAI) →
Many people who need the test don’t receive it.
Stable Heart Disease (SCAI) →
You may not need an angiogram if your heart disease is stable. Here's why.
Stress Tests After a Stent Procedure (SCAI) →
Stress tests usually aren’t helpful after a stent procedure, unless you have symptoms of heart disease.
Stress Tests Before Surgery (SVM) →
If you’re having surgery, you will probably not need a heart stress test beforehand if you are healthy, active, and feeling well, or if you’re having minor surgery.
Supplements for Osteoarthritis (AAOS) →
The popular supplements glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate do not help relieve arthritic knees.
Testing After Heart Procedures (ASNC) →
Unless you're experiencing symptoms, this test usually isn't helpful in the first few years after heart bypass surgery or a stent procedure.
Testosterone for Erection Problems (AUA) →
Unless you have other symptoms of low testosterone, you should think twice about the treatment. Here's why.
Tests and Treatments Employees may not Need (ACOEM) →
Employers should consider these guidelines when sending workers or job candidates to the doctor.
Tests and Treatments for Prostate Cancer →
It can be hard to know which tests and treatments to get for prostate cancer. This report pulls together the latest advice from experts.
Tests Before Heart Surgery (STS) →
Before heart surgery, you probably don't need a breathing test or carotid ultrasound test, unless you have breathing problems or symptoms.
Think Your Child Needs Antibiotics? →
Taking antibiotics when they aren’t needed can cause dangerous side effects.
Treating Acute Blood Clots (ASH) →
If you have a deep blood clot, you probably don't need a device called an IVC filter. They don't work better than blood-thinning drugs.
Treating Blocked Leg Arteries (SVM) →
Most people with Peripheral Artery Disease won't benefit from surgery or angioplasty.
Treating Frequent Headaches With Pain Relievers (AHS) →
It is easy to use too much pain medicine. This can make headaches worse and cause other medical problems.
Treating Low-Risk Prostate Cancer (ASTRO) →
If you have prostate cancer, but it poses a low risk to you, consider "watchful waiting."
Treating Plantar Fasciitis (AOFAS) →
Some doctors recommend surgery. But that can lead to complications, and it doesn’t always work.
Treating Sinusitis (AAAAI) →
Millions of people are prescribed antibiotics each year for sinusitis.
Treating Sinusitis (AAFP) →
Millions of people are prescribed antibiotics each year for sinusitis.
Treating Sleep Problems (APA) →
If you have insomnia, antipsychotic drugs should not be the first choice of treatment.
Treatments and Tests Your Baby may not Need in the Hospital (AAP) →
Here are some common tests and treatments a premature baby may not need.
Unnecessary Treatments in the Emergency Room (ACEP) →
Three procedures commonly used in the emergency room are unnecessary in many cases.
Urinary Tract Infections in Older People (AGS, AMDA) →
Older adults are often tested for UTIs. But if you don’t have symptoms, the tests are not very useful.
Vision Care for Children (AAPOS) →
There are several common vision tests and procedures that many children do not need.
Vitamin D Tests (ASCP) →
Doctors often order a blood test to measure your vitamin D, but the results are unlikely to change their advice.
When it’s Hard to Get Pregnant (ASRM) →
Some fertility tests are not usually needed. For example, most couples don't need laparoscopies or post-coital tests.
Which Dental Treatments are Right for You? (ADA) →
Here are some facts about common dental treatments. Ask your dentist which treatments are best for you and your family.
Whole-Body Scans to Screen for Cancer (ACPM) →
No medical society recommends whole-body scans. There is no evidence that they are a good screening tool.
From Best Buy Drugs
- Spanish: Antidepresivos
- Spanish: Los antihistamínicos
- Spanish: Medicamentos antiplaquetarios s
- Spanish: Depresión: ¿Debería usar antipsicóticos?
- Spanish: Medicamentos Antipsicóticos para Niños y Adolescentes
- Spanish: Trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad
- Spanish: La enfermedad de Alzheimer
- Spanish: Asma
- Spanish: Estreñimiento
- Spanish: Tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2
- Spanish: Agrandamiento de la próstata
- Spanish: Inhibidores de la bomba de protones
- Spanish: Insomnio
- Spanish: Vejiga hiperactiva
- Spanish: Los síntomas de la artritis reumatoidea
- Spanish: Los relajantes musculares
- Spanish: Los medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos
- Spanish: Los opioides
- Spanish: Estatinas
- Spanish: Cómo Tratar la Hipertensión
- Spanish: Los triptanos
Antidepressants →
Individual needs vary and people respond to antidepressants quite differently.
Antihistamines →
We evaluate seven second-generation antihistamines in this report.
Antiplatelet Drugs →
This report evaluates the use of five antiplatelet drugs.
Antipsychotics for Depression →
The atypical antipsychotics aren’t good first choices as add-ons to antidepressants.
Antipsychotics in Children →
This report focuses on the use of prescription medications called atypical antipsychotics by children and teenagers.
Drugs for ADHD →
Our analysis found no evidence that any ADHD drug is more effective than another.
Drugs for Alzheimer’s →
There is no way as yet to predict who will respond to one of the five drugs approved to treat Alzheimer's disease.
Drugs for Asthma →
Not everyone with asthma or COPD needs an inhaled steroid.
Drugs for Constipation →
If your constipation persists for two to three weeks, you may need a drug. A variety are available.
Drugs for Diabetes →
Six types of oral medicines are now available to help people control blood sugar.
Drugs for Enlarged Prostate →
We have chosen one alpha-blocker as a Consumer Reports Best Buy Drug.
Drugs for Heartburn →
PPIs are effective at treating GERD, but you will have to see a doctor to confirm you have the condition.
Drugs for Insomnia →
We recommend that both prescription and nonprescription sleeping pills be used judiciously.
Drugs for Overactive Bladder →
If your frequent trips to the bathroom are interfering with your life or you're having accidents, consider medication.
Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis →
Many people who have not benefited from other rheumatoid arthritis drugs get some relief from biologics.
Five Questions to Ask About a New Drug (poster) →
Make sure you understand the drug, why you're taking it, what to expect, and what to watch out for.
Muscle Relaxants →
Muscle relaxants might help with spasticity in disorders such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis or stroke.
NSAIDs →
This report shows how you could save $135 a month ($1,640 a year) or more if you need to take an NSAID.
Opioids →
Opioids are only moderately effective in treating long-term chronic pain.
Statins →
There are seven statins, but they're not all the same. Some deliver a greater reduction in cholesterol than others.
Treating High Blood Pressure →
If diet and exercise alone do not help enough, then you should consider adding a blood pressure drug.
Triptans for Migraine →
If nonprescription pain relievers don't work for you, the next step may be a triptan.
From Money Saving Guides
- Spanish: Medicamentos genéricos
- Spanish: Cómo obtener el mejor precio
- Spanish: Múltiples medicamentos
- Spanish: Formulario de su plan de salud:
- Spanish: Usos no aprobados
- Spanish: Programas de Asistencia para Medicamentos Recetados
- Spanish: Cómo leer etiquetas
- Spanish: Efectos secundarios
- Spanish: División de tabletas
- Spanish: Cómo comenzar con un nuevo medicamento
- Spanish: Tome los medicamentos según las indicaciones
Generic Drugs →
The big difference is that generics usually cost less than brand-name drugs.
Getting the Best Price →
There are things you can do to save money on drugs—and sometimes a lot of money.
Managing Multiple Medicines →
The best way to make sure you are taking the right drugs is to review all your drugs with your doctors periodically.
Medication Formularies →
Using your plan’s formulary will help you save money on your drugs.
Off-Label Drug Use →
One in five prescriptions in the U.S. is for a use not approved by the FDA.
Prescription Assistance Programs →
Do you need help paying for prescription drugs? You may qualify for a Prescription Assistance Program (PAP).
Reading Labels →
Both the label and the information sheet tell you important safety information.
Side Effects →
Tell your doctor about any previous unpleasant side effects, allergies, or bad reactions.
Splitting Pills →
Many doctors and health authorities are advising this strategy with more and more medicines.
Starting a New Drug →
Every time you get a new drug, make sure you understand why you are taking it and how to take it.
Taking Your Medication as Directed →
If you skip doses, take less than the full dose, or stop too soon, the drug may not work properly. Taking too much of a drug can also harm you.
Consumer Health Choices videos
Our video collection reinforces the messages from all our campaigns. Here are a few examples below.
Or view our full range of Consumer Health Choices videos, Best Buy Drugs videos and Spanish-language videos.
Do You Need a Chest X-ray Before Surgery?
Choosing Wisely: EKGs and Exercise Stress Tests.
More:
For our exclusive ratings of health products and services